تأثیر افزایش غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم در شرایط رقابت با علف هرز یولاف وحشی زمستانه (Avena ludoviciana L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 استاد، مؤسسة تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور

4 استادیار، گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر افزایش غلظت گاز دی‌اکسیدکربن (CO2) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pishtaz) در شرایط رقابت با علف هرز یولاف وحشی آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 92-1391 در مزرعۀ پژوهشی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس انجام شد. سه غلظت CO2 شامل 400، 700 و 1000 قسمت در میلیون (P.P.M) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و عامل فرعی شامل پنج تراکم 0، 25، 50، 75 و 100 بوته در متر­مربع علف هرز یولاف وحشی بود. در این پژوهش برای کنترل غلظت CO2 از اتاقک‌ رشد روباز در میان هر کرت استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد، افزایش غلظت CO2 باعث افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانۀ گندم شد، ‌طوری‌که بیشترین و کمترین میزان این صفات به ترتیب در تیمارهای ۱۰۰۰ و 4۰۰ قسمت در میلیون CO2 به­دست آمد. در همۀ غلظت‌های CO2 موردبررسی، افزایش تراکم علف هرز یولاف وحشی موجب کاهش معنی­دار عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانۀ گندم شد. بنابراین اعمال تراکم صد بوته در متر­مربع یولاف وحشی نسبت به تیمار بدون علف هرز در غلظت ۴۰۰، ۷۰۰ و ۱۰۰۰ قسمت در میلیون CO2 به ترتیب باعث ۵۰/۷۶، ۲۶/۷۸ و ۸۰/۸۸ درصد کاهش در میزان عملکرد دانۀ گندم شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of carbon dioxide enrichment on yield and yield components of wheat under weed competitive pressure of winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Oraki 1
  • Seyed Ali Modares Sanavi 2
  • Eskandar Zand 3
  • Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli 4
چکیده [English]

To study the effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on morphological, nutrient absorption and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pishtaz) under weed competitive pressure of wild oat (Avena ludovicianaL.), an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized completely block design during the 2013-2014 growing season at the Research field of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. Carbon dioxide concentrations (400, 700 and 1000 ppm) and weed densities (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 plants/m2) were arranged in the main- and sub-plots. Open top chambers were used for CO2 concentration adjustments. Results indicated that, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide caused an increasing in yield and yield components of wheat. The highest and the lowest yield and yield components were observed in maximum and minimum concentration of carbon dioxide, respectively. Also, increasing in weed density significantly decreased yield and yield components of wheat in all CO2 concentrations. In addition, under all CO2 concentrations, the density of 100 plants per square meter of wild oat compared to control caused decreases in wheat yield and yield components. The value of these decreases were 76.5, 78.26 and 88.80 percent in 400, 700 and 1000 ppm CO2 concentrations, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • 1000 grain weight
  • spike length
  • weed density
  • Wheat
  • wild oat

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 شهریور 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 آبان 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1395

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