گزینش برای تحمل به تنش خشکی براساس سیستم ریشه‌ای و آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان در فسکیوی بلند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

2 دانشیار، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

3 استادیار، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر تنش خشکی متوسط و شدید بر خصوصیات ریشه و برخی از آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل در گیاه فسکیوی بلند انجام گرفت. 24 ژنوتیپ فسکیوی بلند در سه سطح تنش خشکی (شاهد، تنش خشکی متوسط و شدید) به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در سه تکرار بررسی شدند. کلونی ژنوتیپ‌ها در گلدان‌هایی با ارتفاع 60 و قطر 16 سانتی‌متر کشت شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تنش خشکی، ژنوتیپ و اثر متقابل آنها برای تمام صفات اندازه­گیری‌شده، معنی­دار بود. تحت شرایط تنش خشکی متوسط و شدید، عملکرد علوفۀ خشک، طول تجمعی و وزن خشک ریشه در مقایسه با حالت شاهد کاهش یافت. تنش خشکی شدید، نسبت ریشه به اندام هوایی را 25 درصد افزایش داد. فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز و آسکوربات‌پراکسیداز در تنش خشکی شدید نسبت به حالت شاهد و تنش خشکی متوسط کاهش یافت، درحالی ­که فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز در این سطح تنش افزایش نشان داد. نتایج نشان داد که برخی از ژنوتیپ­های فسکیوی بلند تحت شرایط تنش از عملکرد زیاد، و سیستم ریشه‌ای و آنتی‌اکسیدانی مطلوب برخوردارند که بیانگر وجود سازوکار­های تحمل و اجتناب از خشکی در این ژنوتیپ­ها است و می‌توانند در مطالعات اصلاحی بعدی به‌کار گرفته شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Selection for drought tolerance base on root characters and anti-oxidative enzymes in tall fescue

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Pirnajmodin 1
  • Mohammad Mahdi Majidi 2
  • Mahdi Gheysari 3
  • Zahra Radan 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
4 B.Sc. Student, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of mild and intense drought stresses on root traits and some anti-oxidative enzymes and to identify drought tolerant genotypes in tall fescue. Twenty-four genotypes were assessed under three levels of moisture regime (control, mild and intense drought stresses) according to a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The genotypes were clonally propagated and planted in PVC tubes (60×16 cm). Results indicated that the effect of moisture regime, genotype and their interaction were significant for all of the measured traits. Under mild and intense drought stress, the root length, root dry weight and dry forage yield decreased compared with control. Intense drought stress increased the root/shoot ratio about 25 percent. The activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase decreased under intense drought stress compared with control and mild drought stress, while the activity of peroxidase increased in this level of stress. Results showed that some tall fescue genotypes under drought stress had high yield productivity, desirable root and anti-oxidative systems indicating that these genotypes had drought avoidance and drought tolerance mechanisms which can be used for future breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Root length
  • Dry Forage Yield
  • Catalase
  • Peroxidase
  1. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and drainage. pp 300.
  2. Alscher, R. G., Erturk, N. & Heath, L. S. (2002). Role of super oxid dismotase (SOD) in controlling oxidative stress in plant. Journal of Experimental Botany, 153, 1331-1341.
  3. Asseng, S., Ritchie, J. T., Smucker A. J. M. & Robertson, M. J. (1998). Root growth and water uptake during water deficit and recoverning in wheat. Plant and Soil, 201, 265-273.
  4. Bonos, S. A., Rush, D., Hignigh, K. & Meyer, W. A. (2004). Selection for deep root production in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Crop Science, 44, 1770-1775.
  5. Breusegem, F. V., Vranova, E., Dat, F. & Dirk, I. (2002). The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. Plant Science, 161, 405-414.
  6. Burton, G. W., Devane, E. H. & Carter, R. L. (1954). Root penetration, distribution and activity in southern grasses measured by yield, drought symptoms and P32 uptake. Agronomy Journal, 46, 229-233.
  7. Carrow, R. N. & Duncan, R. R. (2003). Improving drought resistance and persistence in turf-type tall fescue. Crop Science, 43, 978-984.
  8. Caruso, C., Chilosi, G., Caporale, C., Leonardo, L., Bertini, L., Margo, P. & Buonocore, V. (1999). Induction of pathogenesis-related proteins in germinating wheat seeds infected with fusarius culmorum. Plant Science,140, 87-97.
  9. Chaitanya, K. V., Sundar, D., Masilamani, S. & Reddy, A. R. C. (2002). Variation in heat stress induced antioxidant enzyme activities among three Mulberry cultivars. Plant Growth Regulation, 36, 175-180.
  10. Change, B. & Maehly, A. C. (1955). Assay of catalases and peroxidase. Methods  Enzymol, 2, 764-775.
  11. Chaudiere, J. R. (1999). Intracellular antioxidants: From chemical to biochemical mechanisms. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 37, 949-962.
  12. Chaves, M. M. & Oliveira, M. M. (2004). Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: Prospects for water-saving agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 2365-2384.
  13. DaCosta, M. & Huang, B. (2007).Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation for Bentgrass species in response to drought stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 132, 319–326.
  14. Dacosta, M. & Huang, B. (2006). Osmotic adjustment associated with variation in bentgrass tolerance to drought stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 131, 338 -344.
  15. Ebrahimiyan, M., Majidi, M. M., Mirlohi, A. & Gheysari, M. (2012). Drought tolerance indices in a tall fescue population and its polycross progenies. Crop and Pasture Science, 63, 360-369.
  16. Ervin, E. H. & Koski, A. J. (1998). Drought avoidance aspects and crop coefficients of Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue turfs in semiarid west. Crop Science, 38, 788-795.
  17. Farre, L. & Faci, J. M. (2009). Deficit irrigation in maze for reducing agricultural water use in a mediterranean enviroment. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 383-394.
  18. Fu, J. & Huang, B. (2001). Involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 45, 105–114.
  19. Galkovskyi, T., Mileyko, Y., Bucksch, A., Moore, B., Symonova, O., Price, C.A., Topp, C.N., Iyer-Pascuzzi, A.S., Zurek, P.R., Fang, S., Harer, J., Benfey, P.N. & Weitz, J.S. (2012). GiA Roots: software for the high-throughput analysis of plant root system architecture. BMC Plant Biology, 12, 116.
  20. Gheysari, M., Mirlatifi, S. M., Bannayan, M., Homaee, M. & Hoogenboom, G. (2009). Interaction of water and nitrogen on maize grown for silage. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 809-821.
  21. Guo G., Liu SH, Q., An, S., Ren, X. & Lin, R. N. (2002). Effect of limited water supply on root growth and development of winter weat and the characters of soil moisture use before planting. Journal of  Applied Meterology,13, 621-626.
  22. Herzog, V. & Fahimi, H. (1973). Determination of the activity of peroxidase. Analytical Biochemistry, 55, 554-562.
  23. Hojati, M., Modarres Sanavy, S. M. A.,  Karimi, M. & Ghanati, F. (2011). Responses of growth and antioxidant systems in Carthamus tinctorius L. under water deficit stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33, 105-112.
  24. Huang, B., Duncan, R. R. & Carrow, R. N. (1997). Drought resistance mechanisms of seven warm season turfgrasses under surface soil drying: I. shoot response. Crop Science, 37, 1857-1863.
  25. Huang, B. & Hongwen, G. (2000). Root physiological characteristics association with drought resistance in tall fescue cultivars. Crop Science, 40, 196-203.
  26. Jabari, F., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K. & Alizadeh, H. (2006). Evaluation of some antioxidant enzyme effects on chlorophyll and cell membrane in drought susceptible and tolerant wheat varieties. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 37, 307-316.
  27. Jafari, A., Connolly, V., Frolich A. & Walsh. E. K. (2003). A note on estimation of quality in perennial ryegrass by near infraaed spectroscopy. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 42, 293-299.
  28. Jagtap, V. & Bharagava, S. (1995). Variation in antioxidant metabolism of drought tolerant and susceptible varieties of Sorghum biolcolor L. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 65, 445-454.
  29. Jiang, M. & Zhang, J. (2001). Effect of abscisic acid on active oxygen species, antioxidative offence system and oxidative damage in leaves of maize seedlings. Plant Cell Physiology, 42, 1265-1273.
  30. Jiang, Y. & Huang, B. (2001). Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turfgrass in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science, 41, 436-442.
  31. Karcher, D. E., Richardson, M. D. Hignight, K. & Rush, D. (2008). Drought tolerance of tall fescue populations selected for high root/shoot ratios and summer survival. Crop Science, 48, 771-777.
  32. Karcher, D., Richardson, M. & Landreth, J. (2007). Drought tolerance of tall fescue and bluegrass cultivars. Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series,557, 17-20.
  33. Khalid, K. H. A. (2006). Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil and chemical composition of herbs (Ocimum sp.). International Agrophysics, 20, 289-296.
  34. Khazaie, H. R. & Kafi, M. (2003). Effect of drought stress on root growth and dry matter partitioning between roots and shoots of winter wheat. Iranian Journal Filed Crops Research, 1, 33-43.
  35. Kmoch H. G., Raming, R. E., Fox, R. L.  & Koelher, F. E. (1957). Root development of winter wheat as influenced by soil moisture and nitrogen fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 49, 20-85.
  36. Li-Ping, B., Fang-Gang, S., Ti-Da, G., Zhao-Hui, S., Yin-Yan, L. & Guang-Sheng, Z. (2006). Effect of soil drought stress on leaf water status, membrane premeability and enzyme antioxidant system of maize. Pedosphere,16, 326-332.
  37. Maria, C., Esther, R., Gonzalez, M., Minchin, F. R., Judith, K., Arrese-Igor, W. C., Ramos, J. & Becana, M. (2002). Effects of water stress on antioxidant enzymes of leaves and nodules of transgenic alfalfa over expressing superoxide dismutases. Physiologia Plantarum, 115, 531–540.
  38. Mehrvarz, S., Chaichi, M. R., Hashemi, M. & Parsinejad, M. (2013). Yield and Growth Response of Maize (Zea Mays L.S.C. 704) to Surfactant under Deficit Irrigation. Internatonal Journal of  Plant and Animal Science,1, 42-48.
  39. Mittler, R. (2002). Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 7, 405-410.
  40. Nakano, Y. & Asada, K. (1987). Purification of ascorbate peroxidase in Spanish chloroplast, its inactivation in ascorbate depleted medium and reactivation by monodehydro ascobate radial. Plant and Cell Physiology, 28, 131-140.
  41. Oliver, S. & Barber, S. A. (1966). An evaluation of the mechanisms governing the supply of Ca and Na to soybean roots. Soil Science Society of America, 30, 82–84.
  42. Pande, H. & Singh, J. S. (1981). Comparative biomass and water status of four range grasses growth under two soil water conditions. Journal of Range Management, 34, 480-484.
  43. Pirnajmedin, F., Majidi, M. M. & Kiani, R. (2013). Evaluation of forage yield and root characteristics of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) genotypes under drought stress. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 2, 1-9. (In Farsi).
  44. Polle, A. & Rennenberg, H. (1993). Significance of antioxidants in plant adaptation to environmental stress. In: T. Mansfield, L. Fowden, F. Stoddar (Eds.), Chapman and Hall, London. Plant Adaptation to Environmental Stress. (pp.263-273).
  45. Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V. & Vivekanandan, M. (2004). Drought induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 1189-1202.
  46. Rylski, I., Nothman, J. & Spiegelman, M. (1979). Effect of soil temperature on the development of young eggplants. Experemental Agriculture,12, 273-278.
  47. Sairam, R. K., Deshmukh, P. S. & Shukla, D. S. (1997). Tolerance of drought and temperature stress in relation to increase antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat. Journal Agronomy Crop Science, 178, 171-178.
  48. Sairam, R. K., Deshmukh, P. S.,  Shukla, D. S. & Ram, S. (1990). Metabolic activity and grain yield under moisture stress in wheat genotypes. Indian Journal of  Plant Physiology, 33, 226-231.
  49. Siosemardeh, A. (2002). Yield and growth physiological aspects in relation to drought tolerance of wheat varieties. Ph. D. thesis. Agronomy and plant breeding faculty. Tehran University.
  50. Srivalli, B., Sharma, G. & Khannachopra, R. (2003). Antioxidative defense system in an upland rice cultivar subjected to increasing intensity of water stress followed by recovery. Plant Phsiology, 119, 503-512.        
  51. Tatari, M., Futouhi, R., Etemadi, N., Ahadi, A. M. & Mousavi, A. (2012). Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and prolin content of Agropyron desertorum under drought stress. Horticulture Biology and Environment, 3, 9-24.
  52. Torbert, H. A., Edwards, J. H. & Pedersen, J. F. (1990). Fescues with large roots are drought tolerance. Applied Agricultural Research, 5, 181-187.
  53. Troughton, A. & Whittington, W. J. (1968). The significance of genetic variation in root systems. In: Root Growth, W.J., Whittington (Ed.), Proceeding of the 15th Easter School in Agricultural Science, University of Nottingham, England, pp. 296-301.
  54. Vejovie-Jovano, S. D., Pignocchi, C., Noctar, G. & Foyer, C. H. (2001). Low ascorbic acid in the Vtcl mutant of Arabidopsis is associated with decreased growth and inter cellular redistribution of antioxidant system. Plant Phsiology, 127, 426-435.
  55. Wang, H., Siopongco, J., Wade, L. & Yamauchi, A. (2009). Fractal analysis on root systems of rice plants in response to drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65, 338-344.
  56. Willekens, H., Inze, D., Montagu, M. V. & Camp, W. V. (1995). Catalase in plants. Molecular Breeding, 1, 207-228.
  57. Zhenhu, L., Kui Ying, L. & Aifeng, Z. (2001). Review on study of drought resistance of turfgrass. Crop Science, 23, 66-68.