تأثیر سطوح مختلف نانوپتاس و پتاس معمولی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی دو رقم گندم در شرایط شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

پتاسیم، عامل مهمی در بهبود تحمل گیاهان به تنش­های غیرزیستی نظیر تنش شوری به‌شمار می‌رود. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر پتاسیم بر تحمل به شوری دو رقم گندم نان کویر (متحمل به شوری) و قدس (حساس به شوری)، آزمایشی گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایۀ بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار با سطوح تیماری مختلف شامل شاهد، شوری 150 میلی­مولار (کلرید سدیم)، شوری 150 میلی­مولار به‌همراه دو سطح 300 و450 میلی­گرم پتاسیم بر کیلو­گرم خاک از منبع سولفات پتاسیم و دو سطح 30 و 45 میلی­گرم پتاسیم بر کیلو­گرم خاک از منبع نانوکلات پتاسیم 27 درصد انجام گرفت. کاربرد سطوح و منابع مختلف پتاسیم در شرایط تنش، سبب کاهش تأثیرات سوء ناشی از تنش شوری و در پی آن بهبود عملکرد دانه و اجزای آن، عملکرد بیولوژیک، ارتفاع بوته، هدایت روزنه­ای، و نیز کاهش غلظت Na+ و افزایش غلظتK+ و نسبت K+/Na+ برگ پرچم شد. به‌نظر می‌رسد وجود پتاسیم در شرایط شوری در مقایسه با نبود آن در این شرایط، از  طریق رقابت با سدیم در جذب به‌وسیلۀ گیاه سبب کاهش تأثیرات منفی تجمع سدیم در گیاه شده و از طریق تعدیل پتانسیل اسمزی و بهبود هدایت روزنه­ای سبب حفظ فتوسنتز می‌شود و بدین ترتیب کاهش آثار تنش شوری بر عملکرد را در پی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different levels of nano and typical potassium on yield and some Morpho-physiological characteristics of two wheat cultivars under salt stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mohammad Alavi Matin 1
  • Afrasyab Rahnama 2
  • Mousa Meskarbashi 3
1 M.Sc. Student of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding,Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Potassium plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salinity stress. To evaluate the effect of potassium on salinity tolerance of two wheat cultivars, Kavir (as salt tolerant) and Qods (as salt-sensitive), a pot experiment was conducted, using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in different treatments (Control, 150 mM NaCl, 150 mM NaCl with two levels of 300 and 450 mg potassium sulfate per 1kg soil and two levels 30 and 45 mg nano potassium per 1kg soil). Application of different potassium levels and sources in stress conditions led to mitigate the negative effects caused by salt stress, and hereby improved grain yield and its components, biological yield, plant height, stomatal conductance, and also reduced Na+ concentrations and increased K+ concentrations and the K+/Na+ ratio in flag leaf. It appears that the presence of potassium under salt stress in compare with the absence of it, through competition with sodium uptake by plant can lead to reduce the adverse effects of sodium accumulation in plants and through osmotic potential adjustment and improved stomatal conductance caused to maintain photosynthesis, and hereby reduce salt effects on yield.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • potassium
  • Salt tolerance
  • Wheat
  1. Alizadeh, A. (2011). Effect of potassium on biomass content, charbohydrate and grain filling period in two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ahwaz condition. M. Sc. Dissertation, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran (In Farsi).
  2. Ashraf, M., Athar, H. R., Harris, P. J. & Kwon, T. R. (2008). Some prospective strategies for improving crop salt tolerance. Advance in Agronomy, 97, 45-110
  3. Blum, A. (1988). Plant breeding for stress environments. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL).
  4. Bonnett, G. D. & Incoll, L. D. (1992). The potential pre-anthesis and pos-anthesis contributions of stem internodes to grain yield in crops of winter barley. Annalas of Botany, 69, 219- 225.
  5. Degl’Innocenti, E., Hafsi, C., Guidi, L. & Navari-Izzo, F. (2009). The effect of salinity on photosynthetic activity in potassium-deficient barley species. Plant Physiolgy, 166, 1968-1981.
  6. Epstein, E. (1966). Dual pattern of ion absorption by plant cells and by plants. Nature, 212, 324-7.
  7. Francois, L. E., Maas, E. V., Donovan, T. J. &Youngs, V. L. (1986). Effect of salinity on grain yield and quality, vegetative growth, and germination of semi-dwarf and durum wheat. Agronomy Journal, 78, 1053-1058.
  8. Gorham, R.G., Jones, W. & Donnell, E. M. (1985). Some mechanisms of salt tolerance in crop plants. Plant and Soil, 6, 15-40.
  9. Hamada, A. M. and EL- enany, A. E. (1994). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biologia Plantarum, 36, 75-81.
  10. Heidari, M. & Jamshid, P. (2010). Interaction between salinity and potassium on grian yield, carbohydrate content and nutrient uptake in pearl millet. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 5, 39-46.
  11. Imas, P. & Magan, A. (2000). Potash facts in brief. International potash Institue (IPI). Potash Research Institue of India. WWW. IPIPOTASH.ORG.
  12. James, R. A., Caemmerer, S. A., Condon, A. G., Zwaet, A. B. & Munns, R. (2008). Genetic variation in tolerance to the osmotic stress component of salinity stress in durum wheat. Functional Plant Biology, 35, 111-123.
  13. James, R. A., Davenport, R. J. & Munns, R. (2006). Physiological characterization of two genes for Na+ exclusion in durum wheat, Nax1 and Nax2. Plant Physiology, 142, 1537-1547.
  14. James, R. A., Rivelli, A. R., Munns, R. & Caemmerer, S. V. (2002). Factors affecting CO2 assimilation, leaf injury and growth in salt-stressed durum wheat. Functional Plant Biology, 29, 1393-1403.
  15. Kaya, C., Kirnak, H. & Higgs, D. (2001). Effects of supplementary potassium and phosphorus on physiological development and mineral nutrition of cucumber and pepper cultivars grown at high salinity (NaCl). Plant Nutrition, 24, 1457-1471.
  16. Krumm, M., Moazami, V. & Martin, P. (1990). Influence of potassium nutrition on concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, and magnesium and the osmotic potential in sap extracted from wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) ears during preanthesis development. Plant and Soil, 124, 281-285.
  17. Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press. Limited, London.Second edition. pp 861.
  18. Maser, P., Gierth, M. & Schroeder, I. J. (2002). Molecular mechanisms of potassium and sodium uptake in plant. Plant and Soil, 247, 43-54.
  19. Munns, R. & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651-81.
  20. Munns, R., James, R. A. & Lauchli, A. (2006). Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57, 1025-1043.
  21. Poustini, K. & Siosemardeh, A. (2004). Ion distribution in wheat cultivars in response to salinity stress. Field Crops Research, 85, 125-133.
  22. Rahnama, A., Poustini, K., Tavakkol-Afshari, R., Ahmadi, A. & Alizadeh, H. (2011). Growth properties and ion distribution in different tissues of bread wheat genotypes (Triticcumaestivum L. (differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 197(1), 21-30. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037X.2010.00437.x
  23. Rahnama, A., James, R.A., Poustini, K. & Munns, R. (2010). Stomatal conductance as a screen for osmotic stress tolerance in durum wheat growing in saline soil. Functional Plant Biology, 37, 255-269.
  24. Rascio, A., Russo, M., Mazzucco, L., Platani, C., Nicastro, G. & Di Fonzo, N. (2001). Enhanced osmotolerance of a wheat mutant selected for potassium accumulation. Plant Science, 160, 441-448.
  25. Satorre, E. H. & Slafer, G. A. (1999). Wheat: ecology and physiology of yield determination. The Haworth Press, New York, p: 503.
  26. Singh, S. & Jain, M. C. (2000). Growth and yield response of traditional tall and improved semi-tall rice cultivars to moderate and high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5, 38-46.
  27.  Wei, W., Bilsborrow, P. E., Hooley, P., Fincham, D., Lombi, A. E. & Forster, B. P. (2003). Salinity induced differences in growth, ion distribution and partitioning in barley between the cultivar Maythorpe and its derived mutant Golden Promise. Plant and Soil, 250, 183-191.