ارزیابی اثر تنش شوری بر عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات زراعی در لاین‌های اینبرد نوترکیب گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 محقق ارشد، مرکز بین‌المللی تحقیقات ذرت و گندم (CIMMYT)، کرج

4 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش شوری بر روابط برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد 167 لینه اینبرد و والدین آنها یعنی Babaxو Seri 82، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1390-91 در قالب طرح آلفا لاتیس با دو تکرار تحت دو شرایط نرمال و شوری اجرا شد. ضرایب همبستگی سادۀ بین صفات، نشان داد از میان تمامی صفات مورد آزمایش، عملکرد بیولوژیک بیشترین همبستگی (**91/0r=) را با عملکرد دانه در شرایط نرمال داشت. در شرایط تنش شوری نیز عملکرد بیولوژیک بیشترین همبستگی (**83/0r=) را با عملکرد دانه داشت. با استفاده از رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام چهار صفت عملکرد بیولوژیک، وزن هزاردانه، شاخص برداشت و تعداد روز تا سنبله‌دهی به‌عنوان صفات تأثیرگذار در شرایط نرمال وارد مدل شدند که 98 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را توضیح دادند. درحالی که در شرایط تنش شوری چهار صفت عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد بوته در واحد سطح و ارتفاع بوته وارد مدل شدند. برای یافتن روابط علّی صفات، تجزیۀ علیت برای عملکرد دانه انجام گرفت که بزرگ‌ترین تأثیرات مستقیم و مثبت بر عملکرد دانه مربوط به عملکرد بیولوژیک (87/0) و شاخص برداشت (40/0)، بزرگ‌ترین اثر غیرمستقیم و مثبت مربوط به وزن هزاردانه (15/0) در شرایط نرمال و بزرگ‌ترین تأثیرات مستقیم و مثبت بر عملکرد دانه مربوط به عملکرد بیولوژیک (86/0) و شاخص برداشت (54/0) در شرایط تنش شوری بود. در ادامه با استفاده از تجزیه به عامل‌ها، چهارده متغیر در چهار عامل برای شرایط نرمال و شش عامل برای شرایط تنش شوری تعریف شدند که در مجموع به‌ترتیب 65 و 70 درصد از تغییرات داده‌ها را توجیه کردند. نتایج این تحقیق در مجموع شاخص برداشت و عملکرد بیولوژیکی را از معیارهای مهم مرتبط با عملکرد دانه معرفی کرد که می‌تواند در انتخاب ارقام و لاین‌های پرمحصول گندم کاربرد مطلوبی داشته باشد. علاوه بر آن، به‌جز عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت، تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح، تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزاردانه از مهم‌ترین اجزای عملکرد دانه بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salinity stress on some agronomic characteristics,grain yield and its components in Seri/Babax recombinant inbred lines wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nafiseh Mahdi Nezhad 1
  • Mansour Omidi 2
  • Mohammad Reza Jalal Kamali 3
  • Mohmmad Reza Naghavi 2
  • Baratali Fakheri 4
1 Ph. D. Student, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
2 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
3 Researcher, International Center of Mays and Wheat (CIMMYT), Karaj
4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol
چکیده [English]

To study and determine  effect of salinity on relationship between  agronomic  characteristics and grain yield, 167  of  the  Seri/Babax recombinant wheat inbred  lines (RIL) together with two parents were evaluated using alpha latice design with two replications under two conditions (salt stress and normal), in Zabol field station in 2011-12 cropping season. Fourteen  traits  including: some agronomic characteristics, grain  yield  and  its  components,  were  measured  and  recorded  for  169  genotypes. Results  of  simple  correlation  coefficient  analysis  indicated  a  significant  positive  correlation  between  grain  yield   with  harvest  index, biological  yield, the  number  of  spike  m-2  and  the  number  of  grain m-2 for both normal and stress conditions. Stepwise regression analysis showed that biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and Days to heading were of higher importance, among other grain yield components for normal condition, in determination of grain yield. Whereas in stress condition, biological yield, harvest index, plant m2 and plant height were the most important. Path analysis coefficients showed that the highest direct effects on grain yield were biological yield and harvest index for both normal and stress conditions. Factor analysis determined four and six factors under normal and salt stress conditions that accounted for 65% and 70% of total observed variations of grain yield. These factors were yield components, quality related traits and grain yield and its components. In conclusion, the results of this study identified harvest index and biological yield as important traits in selection for high yielding wheat genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • Biological yield
  • harvest index
  • 1000 grain weight
  • factor analysis

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 اردیبهشت 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 آبان 1393
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1394

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