پاسخ جوانه‌زنی دو گونه سوروف به دما و دورۀ نوری با تأکید بر قابلیت تهاجم در گونۀ تازه‌وارد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

2 استاد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات برنج کشور-رشت

چکیده

این تحقیق در راستای ارزیابی اثر دو عامل اکولوژیکی دما و دورۀ نوری بر جوانه‌زنی بذر گونۀ تازه‌وارد سوروف ‌آبی (Echinochloa oryzoides) و مقایسۀ‌ ‌آن با گونۀ شایع (سوروف (E.crus-galli)) شالیزارهای استان گیلان و مشتمل بر دو آزمایش جداگانه بود. در آزمایش اول، بررسی پاسخ جوانه‌زنی دو گونه به دما (10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35، 40 و 45 درجۀ ‌سانتی‌گراد) و تعیین دماهای کاردینال؛ و در آزمایش دوم، ارزیابی اثر دورۀ روشنایی/تاریکی (0/24، 4/20، 8/16، 10/14، 12/12، 14/10، 16/8، 20/4 و 24/0 ساعت) در دو دمای ثابت 25 و 30 درجۀ ‌سانتی‌گراد بر جوانه‌زنی بذر این دو گونه مدنظر قرار گرفت. در هر دو گونه، بیشترین درصد نهایی جوانه‌زنی در دماهای 25 تا 30، بیشترین سرعت جوانه‌زنی در دمای 30 و عدم جوانه‌زنی در دمای 45 درجۀ ‌سانتی‌گراد مشاهده شد. سوروف نسبت به سوروف ‌آبی واکنش بهتری به درجۀ حرارت‌های کم نشان داد. دمای پایه، بهینه و بیشینة جوانه‌زنی به‌ترتیب در سوروف 6/9، 31 و 5/45 درجۀ‌ سانتی‌گراد و در سوروف ‌آبی 5/10، 4/31 و 6/45 درجۀ ‌سانتی‌گراد بود. بررسی واکنش دو گونه به نور نشان داد که با وجود مقداری جوانه‌زنی در تاریکی کامل، افزایش ساعات نوری سبب تقویت جوانه‌زنی می‌شود؛ اگرچه ساعت‌های کم قرارگیری در معرض نور، تحریک بیشتر جوانه‌زنی در سوروف را به‌دنبال داشت. با افزایش درجۀ حرارت از 25 به 30 درجۀ ‌سانتی‌گراد، به‌ویژه در سوروف، نیاز به نور تا حدی کاهش یافت. به‌طور کلی، گونۀ تازه‌وارد در مقایسه با گونۀ شایع، نیاز حرارتی بیشتر و حساسیت کمتری به قرارگیری در معرض نور نشان داد که در شرایط افزایش میانگین دما به‌ویژه در اوایل فصل رشد و نیز قرارگیری در اعماق بیشتر خاک، مزیت رقابتی برای این گونه محسوب می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the germination response of two Echinochloa species to temperature and photoperiod with emphasis on invasiveness

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elmira Mohammadvand 1
  • Alireza Koocheki 2
  • Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati 2
  • Abbas Shahdi Kumleh 3
1 , Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Assistant Professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht
چکیده [English]

Abstract
This experiment, conducted to examine the effects of temperature and photoperiod on seed germination of watergrass (Echinochlo aoryzoides) as a new-introduced and barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) as a common weed species in rice fields of Guilan province. This study was consisted of two separate experiments. At the first study, germination responses of two species to different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C) were evaluated and the cardinal temperatures were estimated. For the second study, the photoperiod effects (0/24, 4/20, 8/16, 10/14, 12/12, 14/10, 16/8, 20/4, and 24/0 hours light/dark) under two constant temperatures of 25 and 30 °C were intended. The results indicated that, for the both species, the highest final germination, maximum germination rate, and nil germination were observed in 25 to 30, 30 and 40 °C, respectively. At low temperatures, greater germination was recorded for barnyardgrass compared to watergrass. The minimum, optimum and maximum germination temperatures were 9.6, 31, and 45.5°C for barnyardgrass, and 10.5, 31.4, and 45.6°C for watergrass, respectively. Despite the occurrence of some germination in complete darkness, increased light exposure promoted the germination. Short photoperiods promoted germination more in barnyardgrass rather than watergrass. Increasing temperature from 25 to 30°C, caused partial reduction in light requirement for germination, especially in barnyardgrass. Overall, it seems that the new-introduced species compared with the common species needs higher temperatures and is more tolerant to different photoperiods for germination. These characteristics can be enumerated as competitive advantages for this species, especially under the early season higher mean temperature scenarios.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cardinal temperature
  • germination requirement
  • Echinochloa crus-galli
  • Echinochloa oryzoides

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 بهمن 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 اردیبهشت 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 دی 1393
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1393

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