تأثیر هورمون‌های اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید جیبرلیک بر فرایندهای پیشگیری و بهبود زوال بذر دو رقم کنجد (Sesamum indicum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

2 استادیار، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

4 دانشجوی دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

زوال یا پیری بذر یکی از عوامل کاهش‌دهندة بنیه و محدودکنندة جوانه‌زنی در بذر است. هدف این آزمایش بررسی تأثیر هورمون‌های اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید جیبرلیک بر بهبود خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و پیشگیری از زوال بذور دو رقم کنجد بود. این آزمایش در طی سال‌های 1391 و 1392 در آزمایشگاه بذر گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران (کرج) انجام گرفت. ارقام کنجد استفاده‌شده، داراب2 و داراب14 بود. ابتدا آزمون استاندارد جوانه‌زنی به‌منظور تعیین قوة نامیة ارقام کنجد انجام گرفت. سپس برای ایجاد بنیه­های متفاوت ارقام از روش آزمون پیری کنترل‌شده استفاده شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو رقم بذر کنجد، سه سطح زوال (24، 48 ساعت و شاهد) و هفت ترکیب مختلف غلظت‌های هورمونی (25، 50 و 100 پی‌پی‌ام اسید­جیبرلیک- 25، 50 و 100 پی‌پی‌ام اسید سالیسیلیک به‌همراه شاهد) بود. صفات اندازه­گیری‌شده در این آزمایش شامل درصد جوانه‌زنی، شاخص جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، شاخص بنیة 1 و بنیة 2 بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که زوال سبب کاهش صفات مورد اندازه­گیری شد. از میان ارقام به‌کاررفته، رقم داراب14 نسبت به شرایط زوال مقاوم‌تر از داراب2 بود. با اعمال تیمار هورمونی برای هر دو رقم بهبودپذیری و جلوگیری از زوال صورت گرفت، به‌طوری ­که در آزمایش تیمارهای هورمون قبل از زوال (پیش‌تیمار) در رقم داراب2، تمام غلظت‌های اسید جیبرلیک در سطح زوال 24 ساعت بهتر بودند. اما در رقم داراب14، در دو سطح زوال 24 و 48 ساعت، تیمارهای هورمونی بعد از زوال نتایج بهتری نشان دادند. غلظت 50 پی‌پی‌ام اسید سالیسیلیک یکی از بهترین غلظت‌های استفاده‌شده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of salicylic acid and giberellic acid on improvement and prevailing seed deterioration in two sesame (Sesamum indicum) cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini Khah 1
  • Soheil Parsa 2
  • Reza Tavakkol Afshari 3
  • Majid Jami Al-Ahmadi 2
  • Alireza Esmaeili 4
1 M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand
3 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
4 Ph. D. Student, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Seed deterioration of seed is one of the most important limiting or even hindering factors in germination. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of salicylic acid and gibberellic acid hormonal on improvement and prevailing seed deterioration in two sesame cultivars. This studywere carried out at the Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Seed Laboratories of College of Agriculture, University of Tehran (Karaj) during 2012-2013. The sesamum cultivars Darab2 and Darab14were the ones studied. The experiment was designed as a factorial of completely randomized design with tree replication. First, germination characteristic measured and then seeds were aged through Controlled deterioration test. Treatments including: two sesamum cultivars; 2 level deterioration (24 and 48 hr) with controlled; and 6 hormonal concentration (25, 50, 100ppm giberellic acid - 25, 50, 100 ppmsalicylic acid) with controlled. The characteristics were measured, including: germination percentage (%), germination index (GI), germination speed (GS), vigor1 and vigor2. Hormonal treatments were applied to both pre-treatmentand post-treatmentin two separate experiments. The results showed that seed deterioration in both level reduced seed trait measured. Darab14 the more resistant to deterioration than darab2. But, with primed hormonal concentration in two conditions pre-treatment and post-treatment, investigated characteristics for two cultivars improvement and prevailing deterioration had taken place. In Darab 2, all concentrations of gibberellic acid in 24 h deterioration level in testing hormonal pre- treatments were better.But, in Darab 14, at both levels deterioration, the hormonal post-treatment showed better results.Our results suggested that salicylic acid 50 ppm, was the most effective treatment in this study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sesame
  • Deterioration
  • Priming
  • Hormone
  • germination
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