نقش ساختار ریشه و صفات فیزیولوژیک جو در پاسخ به تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی ژنتیک، دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار، مؤسسۀ بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی سازمان آموزش، تحقیقات و ترویج کشاورزی

3 دانشیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشیار، مؤسسۀ بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی سازمان آموزش، تحقیقات و ترویج کشاورزی

5 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

6 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

تنش خشکی در اکثر مناطق جهان مهم‌ترین عامل کاهش عملکرد گیاهان زراعی محسوب می­شود. تنظیم اسمزی و داشتن سیستم ریشه­ای قوی و عمیق از طریق افزایش جذب و بازده مصرف آب، سبب افزایش تحمل به خشکی در غلات می­شود. در این تحقیق، تأثیر ساختار ریشه و صفات فیزیولوژیک در پاسخ به تنش خشکی در سه رقم جو زراعی یوسف (متحمل)، موروکو (حساس) و فجر30 (نیمه‌متحمل) و یک اکوتیپ جو غیر‌زراعی اسپانتانئوم (متحمل) بررسی شد. بذور جو در لوله­های پی‌وی‌سی 1 متری با قطر 10 سانتی‌متر کشت شدند و تنش خشکی به میزان 20 درصد مقدار آب در دسترس اعمال شد و آبیاری در حد ظرفیت زراعی به‌عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. خصوصیات ریشه و صفات فیزیولوژیک در ابتدای مرحلة گلدهی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاکی از این بود که در اثر خشکی، میزان هدایت روزنه­ای، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، پتانسیل آب برگ و پتانسیل اسمزی در همة ارقام کاهش و دمای برگ افزایش یافت. ارقام متحمل دارای کمترین افت پتانسیل آب، پتانسیل اسمزی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ بودند. رقم حساس دارای کمترین و ارقام متحمل دارای بیشترین میزان تنظیم اسمزی بودند. تنش خشکی موجب کاهش وزن خشک و حجم ریشه نسبت به شرایط کنترل شد. عمق ریشه در تمام ارقام متحمل و نیمه‌متحمل در اثر تنش افزایش یافت، درحالی که در رقم حساس کاهش نشان داد. نتایج نشان داد ارقام مقاوم ارقامی‌اند که در شرایط تنش می­توانند با افزایش عمق ریشه، آب بیشتری جذب کنند و در نتیجه دارای تنظیم اسمزی و محتوای نسبی آب بیشتری باشند. این ارقام در شرایط تنش به‌دلیل محتوای نسبی آب بیشتر، هدایت روزنه­ای بیشتری دارند و ازاین‌رو دمای برگ را در سطح پایین­تری نگه می‌­دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The impact of barley root structure and physiological traits on drought response

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Kesahvarznia 1
  • Maryam Shahbazi 2
  • Valiolah Mohammadi 3
  • Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh 4
  • Ali Ahmadi 5
  • Ehsan Mohseni-Fard 6
1 Ph. D. Student, Genetics Engineering, University of Tehran
2 Assistant Professor, Biotechnology Institute of Agricultural Educate
3 Associate Professor , University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
4 Associate Professor, Biotechnology Institute of Agricultural Educate,
5 Assistant Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
6 Ph. D. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

abstract
Drought is the most important factor limiting crop yield word wide. Osmotic adjustment (OA) and strong and deep root system result in increased cereal drought tolerance through increasing water uptake and water use efficiency. The impact of root structure and physiological traits on drought stress response was studied in three barley cultivars including Yousof (drought tolerant), Morocco (susceptible), and Fajr30 (semi-tolerant) and an Iranian accession of wild species, Hordeom spontaneum (tolerant). Seeds were planted in PVC pipes 100 cm depth and 10 cm diameter. Two moisture regimes applied including a normal irrigation at field capacity (control), and drought stress at 20% available water. Root characteristics and physiological traits were measured ar flowering stage. Drought stress reduced stomatal conductivity, RWC, Leaf water potential, osmotic potential, OA and increased leaf temperature. Minimum decline in Leaf water potential, osmotic potential and RWC was observed in tolerant varieties (Yousof and H. spontaneum). The tolerant and susceptible varieties showed the highest and the lowest OA. Drought stress led to reduced root dry weight and volume in all varieties, susceptible variety showing the highest decline. Root depth increased under stress in all tolerant and semi-tolerant cultivars, while decreased in the susceptible one. The results showed that tolerant varieties are varieties which could uptake more water by increasing root depth leading to higher OA and higher RWC. Higher RWC results in more transpiration and lower leaf temperature under stress condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • relative water content
  • Osmotic adjustment
  • root volume
  • Root depth

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 دی 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 تیر 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 تیر 1393
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1393

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