تأثیر روش‌های مدیریت تناوب زراعی و علف‌کش بر پراکنش علف‌های هرز مزارع گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی کرمانشاه، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی

2 استاد، پردیس دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، بخش تحقیقات علف‌های هرز، تهران، 5، استادیار، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

4 استادیار، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تناوب زراعی و علف‌کش‌ها بر پراکنش علف‌های هرز، مطالعه‌ای در92 مزرعۀ گندم آبی استان کرمانشاه طی سال‌های 1390-91 انجام گرفت. آنالیز چندمتغیره توسط آنالیز کاهشی(RDA)  نشان‌دهندۀ ارتباط ترکیب و فراوانی گونه‌ای جوامع علف‌های هرز با روش‌های مدیریتی اعمال‌شده بود. مؤلفه‌های اول و دوم RDA 57 درصد واریانس پراکنش گونه‌ها را تحت تأثیر تناوب زراعی، 9/74 درصد را تحت تأثیر ترکیب علف‌کش‌های باریک‌برگ‌کش و تناوب و 3/58 درصد را تحت تأثیر ترکیب علف‌کش‌های پهن‌برگ و تناوب زراعی تشریح می‌کند. بیشترین تأثیر مربوط به کشت متوالی گندم بودکه با علف‌های هرز چچم (Lolium rigidum)، جودره (Hordeum spontaneum)، یولاف وحشی (Avena ludoviciana)، سنگدانه (Lithospermum arvense) و خونی واش (phalaris brachystachys) همبستگی مثبت داشت. کاربرد علف‌کش کلودینافوپ پروپارژیل و تناوب‌های گندم با جو و چغندر‌قند همبستگی ضعیفی با علف‌های هرز نازک‌برگ داشت. علف‌های هرز خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis)، گلرنگ وحشی (Carthamus oxycantha)، ماشک مریوانی (Vicia assyriaca) و بی تی راخ (Galium tricurnutum) در تناوب‌های گندم - جو و کاربرد علف‌کش‌های توفوردی، تری بنورون متیل و سولفوسولفورون به‌خوبی کنترل نشدند و از تراکم زیادی برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of crop protection and herbicides management on weed species distribution in wheat fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mozhgan Veisi 1
  • Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi 2
  • Hassan Alizade 2
  • Mehdi Minbashi 3
  • Mostafa Oveisi 4
1 Asisstant Professor, Department of Plant protection, Agricultural research center of Kermanshah
2 Professor, University College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
3 Asisstant Professor, Plant Protection Research Institute, Department of weed science, Tehran
4 Asisstant Professor, Aburyhan Pardis, Tehran University
چکیده [English]

In order to investigating theeffects of  crop rotation and applying of herbicides on weed distribution in  irrigated wheat fields of Kermanshah province, this study was performed during  2011-2012. Multivariate analysis (RDA) revealed the significant relationship between composition and species frequency and exerted management techniques. The first and second features of RDA indicated 57%, 74.9% and 58.3% distribution variance under the effect of crop rotation, grass herbicides and rotation, and broadleaf herbicides and rotation respectively. The highest effect was for the continuously wheat cultivation which had a positive correlation with the frequency of the weeds including Lolium  rigidum,  Hordeum spontaneum, Avena ludoviciana,  Lithospermum arvense and  phalaris brachystachys. Application of the herbicide clodinafop propargyl and rotation between wheat-barley and wheat-sugar beet had a low correlation with grass weeds. The weeds including Sinapis arvensis, Carthamus oxycantha, Vicia assyriaca  and Galium tricurnutum  in the rotation wheat- barely were not controlled by applying  2,4-D,  tribenuron methyl and Sulfosulfurun and had a high density.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • (RDA) Redundancy analysis
  • Distribution
  • weed flora
  • Density
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