علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران

علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران

اثر تنش شوری بر مؤلفه‌های جوانه‌زنی، مقدار کلروفیل و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت در ژنوتیپ‌های نخود ایرانی (Cicer ariantaum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
علیرضا عباسی 1
محمد انتصاری 2
امین ابراهیمی 3
1 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری اصلاح نباتات - ژنتیک مولکولی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
10.22059/ijfcs.2014.53542
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیرات سطوح شوری بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی ژنوتیپ‌های نخود در مرحلۀ جوانه­زنی و گیاهچه­ای، آزمایشی در سال 1389 در دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران با هفت ژنوتیپ نخود در دو آزمایش، یکی در آزمایشگاه برای بررسی مؤلفه‌های جوانه‌زنی و دیگری در گلخانه برای بررسی صفات فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمیایی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایة بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار تحت پنج سطح تنش شوری (صفر، 200،150،100،50 میلی‌مولار) انجام گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با افزایش شدت تنش، صفات مذکور به‌طور خطی و معنی­داری کاهش یافتند. بیشترین جوانه­زنی در سطح تنش 200 میلی‌مولار در ژنوتیپ G485 با 34 درصد و کمترین جوانه­زنی در ژنوتیپ G456 با 13 درصد مشاهده شد. طول ریشه­چه در همین سطح تنش در ژنوتیپ G485 و ژنوتیپ G472 به‌ترتیب 5 و 27/0 سانتی­متر بود. شاخص ویگور نیز دارای تغییرات معنی‌داری بود و در تنش 200 میلی‌مولار بیشترین مقدار متعلق به ژنوتیپ G485 با 68/2 بود. زیست‌تودة نخود نیز به‌طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر سطوح تنش شوری قرار گرفت، به‌طوری‌که ژنوتیپ G485 در سطح تنش50 میلی­مولار با 8/3 گرم دارای بیشترین مقدار این شاخص بود. فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانتی ژنوتیپ‌های نخود تحت تنش در آزمایش گلخانه­ای واکنش‌های متفاوت و معنی­داری از خود بروز دادند. در تنش 200 میلی‌مولار ژنوتیپ G104 با 75/[A1] 1 دارای بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز بود. در همین سطوح تنش ژنوتیپ G485، بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و پلی­فنول اکسیداز را داشت. بیشترین کاهش مقدار کلروفیل نسبت به شاهد در ژنوتیپ G643 با 93 درصد و کمترین کاهش در ژنوتیپ G485 با 54 درصد به­دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت کلروفیل و آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانتی دارای همبستگی زیادی بودند و ژنوتیپ‌های دارای فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانتی بیشتر، کلروفیل زیادتری داشتند و همچنین بذوری که در مرحلۀ جوانه­زنی به شوری مقاوم‌تر بودند در شرایط گیاهچه­ای برتری مشخصی از خود نشان دادند.
 
کلیدواژه‌ها
آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت
تنش شوری
مؤلفه‌های جوانه‌زنی
محتوای کلروفیل
نخود

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of salinity stress on germination parameters, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity in chickpea (Cicer ariantaum L.) genotype

نویسندگان English

Ali-Reza Abbasi 1
Mohammad Entesari 2
Amin Ebrahimi 3
1 Association professor of Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding Faculty of Agricultural Science & Engineering College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Ph.D of student seed science and technology Department of Agronomy Faculty of Plant Production Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources (GUASNR) Gorgon, Iran
3 Ph.D of student Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding Faculty of Agricultural Science & Engineering College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده English

To study the effect of salinity on physiological and morphological traits of chickpea in 2010 at Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran With Seven chickpea genotypes. Two experiments design was RCBD with 3 replications and 5 levels of salinity stress (Ctrl, 200, 150, 100, 50 mM) for laboratory experiment on germination indices and greenhouse experiment on physiological and biochemical traits. Some traits were recorded such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length and vigor index in laboratory. According to the results, mentioned traits had linear response with increasing of salinity stress. Highest and lowest of germination percentage were obtained in 200 mM treatment for G485 and G456 respectively. G485 had highest vigor index in response to 200 mM treatment. The pea genotypes of biomass was significantly affected by salinity levels, , so the stress level of 50 mM G485 with 3.8 g had the highest levels of the index.In second study, we evaluate activities of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, total chlorophyll and carotenoids and biomass. G104 genotype had highest of Catalase activity (1.75unit) and highest of Proxidase enzyme activity and polyphenol oxidase were obtained by G485 genotype in 200mM treatment. Also highest (93%) and lowest (54%) reduction percentage of chlorophyll content were observed in G643 and G485 respectively. Results showed a high correlation between antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll, so that Genotypes with higher antioxidant activity had higher chlorophyll content and biomass. There was positive correlation between resistant to salinity at seedling stage of germination and greenhouse condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Chickpea
salinity
germination parameters
Antioxidant Enzymes
chlorophyll content
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  • تاریخ دریافت 22 اردیبهشت 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری 29 اردیبهشت 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 آبان 1392
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 مهر 1393