تأثیر فواصل آبیاری و زمان برداشت بر عملکرد دانه و اسانس انیسون Pimpinella anisum L.))

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه زنجان، پژوهشکدۀ فیزیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه زنجان

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر فواصل آبیاری و زمان برداشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد انیسون (Pimpinella anisum L.) آزمایشی در سال ١٣٨٩در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. فواصل آبیاری در سه سطح شامل ٧، ١٢و ١٧ روز در کرت‌های اصلی و زمان برداشت در سه سطح شامل برداشت در مرحلۀ خمیری نرم (مومی شدن)، خمیری سفت و رسیدگی کامل دانه‌ها در کرت‌های فرعی بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر فواصل آبیاری بر بیشتر صفات شامل تعداد دانه در چتر، تعداد دانه در چترک، تعداد چتر در بوته، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس دانه معنی‌دار (٠٥/٠ P ≤) بود. با افزایش فاصلۀ آبیاری از ٧ به ١٧ روز بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی از جمله عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند، ولی درصد اسانس افزایش یافت. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (٠٧/٦٣٦ کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد اسانس (٧٦/٢٣ کیلوگرم در هکتار) از فاصلۀ آبیاری ٧ روز و کمترین مقدار صفات مذکور از فاصلۀ آبیاری ١٧ روز به‌دست آمد. زمان برداشت نیز تأثیر معنی‌داری (٠٥/٠ P ≤) بر برخی از صفات شامل وزن هزاردانه، تعداد دانه در چتر، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد و درصد اسانس داشت. به‌طوری‌که با تأخیر در برداشت از مرحلة خمیری سفت تا رسیدگی کامل تعداد دانه در چتر، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد اسانس و درصد اسانس به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند. اثر متقابل فاصلة آبیاری و زمان برداشت نیز بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه از فاصلة آبیاری 7 روز و برداشت در مرحلة خمیری سفت به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of irrigation intervals and harvesting time on grain yield and essential oil of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Pouryousef 1
  • Seyed Ali Razzaghifard 2
  • Khalil Jamshidi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Research Institute of Physiology and Biotechnology, university of Zanjan
2 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, university of Zanjan
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals and harvesting time on yield and yield components of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Zanjan in 2010. For this purpose a spilt-plot experiment based on complete randomized block design with three replications was used. Three irrigation intervals (every 7, 12 and 17 days) allocated in main plots and three harvesting time, including harvest at soft dough (waxy), hard dough and full maturity stages allocated to sub plots. The results indicated that effect of  irrigation intervals on majority of measured traits including number of seed in umbellet, number of seed in umbrella, number of umbrella in plant, seed thousand weight, grain yield, grain essence content and essence yield was significant (P ≤ 0.05). With increasing irrigation interval from 7 to 17 days, majority of measured traits such as grain yield and essence yield decreased significantly but grain essence content significantly increased. So the highest grain yield (636.07 kg/ha) and essence yield (23.76 kg/ha) was obtained in 7 days irrigation interval and the lowest amount of mentioned traits was obtained from 17 days irrigation interval. Also harvesting time had significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on some of traits including seed thousand weight, number of seed in umbrella, grain yield, grain essence content and essence yield. So with delay in harvesting time from hard dough to full maturity stage, number of seed in umbrella, grain yield, grain essence content and essence yield significantly decreased. The results also showed that interaction effect of irrigation intervals and harvesting time on grain yield was significant. The highest grain yield was obtained with 7 days irrigation interval and hard dough stage. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anise
  • irrigation intervals
  • harvesting stage
  • grain yield and essence content
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