پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک و فتوسنتزی زیر گونه‌های ایندیکا و ژاپونیکا برنج (Oryza sativa L.) به تنش سرما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کرج

10.22059/ijfcs.2025.405517.655167

چکیده

برنج (Oryza sativa L.) به‌عنوان یکی از غلات استراتژیک، سهم مهمی در تأمین امنیت غذایی ایران و جهان دارد. با این وجود تولید آن به شدت تحت تأثیر تنش‌های غیرزیستی از جمله سرما قرار دارد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک و فتوسنتزی چهار ژنوتیپ برنج از زیرگونه ایندیکا شامل "شیرودی" و "هاشمی" (ارقام تجاری) و "کوهسار" (زودرس و متحمل به سرما) و یک زیرگونه ژاپونیکا با نام "گرده" در مواجهه با تنش سرمای چهار درجه سانتی‌گراد در اتاقک رشد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران در سال 1402 بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تنش سرما موجب افزایش معنی‌دار پراکسیدهیدروژن (H2O2) در همه ژنوتیپ‌ها شده در حالی‌که میزان آن در ارقام گرده و کوهسار کاهش معنی‌داری در مقایسه با شیرودی و هاشمی داشت که این نتایج با ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بالاتر ارقام گرده و کوهسار مرتبط بود. محتوای کلروفیل a، b و کل به‌ترتیب 81%، 73% و 78% در اثر سرما به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت درحالی‌که میزان کاهش در ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل (گرده و کوهسار) کمتر بود. در مقابل، تجمع کاروتنوئیدها به‌عنوان بخشی از پاسخ دفاعی در تنش افزایش 46 درصدی داشت. شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل کاهش تا 73 درصد را نشان داد که بیانگر آسیب به سیستم فتوسیستم II بود، اما در ارقام گرده و کوهسار میزان افت این شاخص‌ها کمتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Pysiological and photosynthetic responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) subsp. indica and japonica to cold stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Eshaghi-Gorji Farid 1
  • Reza Maali-Amiri 1
  • Mohammadreza Ghaffari 2
1 College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
چکیده [English]

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as a strategic cereal makes an important contribution to ensuring food security in Iran and the world. However, its production is severely affected by abiotic stresses, including cold. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and photosynthetic responses of four cultivars of rice from the indica subspecies, including "Shiroodi" and "Hashemi" , "Kohsar" (cold-tolerant), and a japonica subspecies, including "Gerde", during cold stress of 4 °C in the growth chamber of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran in 2023 based on a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications.. Cold stress significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cultivars, while its level was reduced considerably in the cultivars Gerde and Kohsar compared to Shiroodi and Hashemi, which was related to higher antioxidant capacity of the cultivars Gerde and Kohsar. The content of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll decreased significantly by 81%, 73% and 78% respectively in response to cold stress, while the decrease was less in the tolerant cultivars (Gerde and Kohsar). In contrast, carotenoids accumulation as part of the defense response significantly increased by 46%. Chlorophyll fluorescence indices showed a significant decrease up to 73%, indicating damage to photosystem II, but in the cultivars Gerde and Kohsar, decreases were less. The results indicate a direct relationship between the reduction of cellular damage, preservation of photosynthetic pigments, and stability of photosystem II in improving cold tolerance in rice, which indicates that modulating oxidative stress and cell damage increases photosynthesis and plant survival.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • rice
  • cold stress
  • oxidative stress
  • chlorophyll fluorescence
  • japonica
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