Effect of sulfuric acid and biofertilizers on camazulene, essential oil content and quantitative characteristics of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professors, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran

2 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran

Abstract

Chamomile is a valuable medicinal plant, with several therapeutic applications. To investigate the effects of sulfuric acid (0, 4, 5 and 6 L.ha-1), biological nitrogen fertilizer (non application and application) and biological phosphorous fertilizer (non application and application) with three replications an experiment was conducted in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan (2013-2014). The best level of sulfuric acid in all traits was five L.ha-1 and beyond it were obvious negative effects of sulfuric acid. Also, nitrogen and phosphorus biological fertilizers application increased traits. The most quantity of all investigated traits included the number of flowers per square meter (805), flower fresh weight (3705 Kg.ha-1) and dried flowers (741 Kg.ha-1), harvest index (% 27.6), essential oil percentage (% 0.88), essential oil yield (4.50 ml.m-2), plant height (65.10 cm), seed yield (147.17 Kg.ha-1) and chamazulene percentage (14.06) observed in application of nitrogen and phosphorus biological fertilizers + sulfuric acid (5 L.ha-1). The lowest quantity of number of flowers per square meter (503), flower fresh weight (3104 Kg.ha-1), dried flowers weight (620 Kg.ha-1), essential oil percentage (% 0.47), essential oil yield (2.07 ml.m-2), plant height (40.60 cm), seed yield (120.43 Kg.ha-1) and essential oil chamazulene percentage (13.61) obtained in non-application of nitrogen and phosphorus biological fertilizers plus + sulfuric acid (6 L.ha-1). In general, the best qualitative and quantitative yield showed in application of nitrogen and phosphorus bio-fertilizers plus + sulfuric acid (5 L.ha-1).

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Abdollahi, F., Salehi, A. Shahabi, R. & Rahimi, A. (2016). Effect of Different Nitrogen Sources on Vegetative Traits, Grain Yield and Essential Oil Yield of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 49, 1 (165), 51-65.
  2. Alawi, B. J., Stroehlein, J. L., Hanlon, E. A. JR. & Turner, F. JR. (1980). Quality OF Irrigation Water and Effects of Sulfuric Acid and Gypsum on Soil Properties and Sudangrass. Soil Science, 129 (5), 261-327.
  3. Al-Erwy, A. S., Bafeel, S. O. & Al-Toukhy, A. (2016). Effect of Chemical, Organic and Bio Fertilizers on Germination, Growth and yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants Irrigated With Sea Water. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 7(3), 121-123.
  4. Alijani, M., Amini Dehaghi, M., Modares Sanavi, S. A. M. & Mohammad Rezaye, S. (2010). The effects of phosphorous and nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and essential oil percentage of Matricaria recutita L.. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(1), 101-113. (in Farsi)
  5. Amezketa, E., Aragüés, R. & Gazol, R. (2005). Efficiency of Sulfuric Acid, Mined Gypsum, and Two Gypsum By-Products in Soil Crusting Prevention and Sodic Soil Reclamation. Agronomy Journal, 97 (3), 983-989.
  6. Baas, P., Bell, C., Mancini, L. M., Lee, M. N., Conant, R. T. & Wallenstein, M. D. (2016) Phosphorus mobilizing consortium Mammoth PTM enhances plant growth. Peerj, 4:e2121
  7. Behzadi, Y., Salehi, A., Balochi, H. R. & Yadavi, A. (2016).   Effect of Biological, Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 25(4), 161-175. (in Farsi)
  8. Capuzzo, A., Occhipinti, A. & Maffei, M. E. (2014). Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of chamazulene. Natural Product Research, 28 (24), 2321-2323.
  9. Fayazi, H., Abdali Mashhadi, A. A., Koochekzade, A., Papzan, A. & Arzanesh, M. H. (2016). The effect of organic and biological fertilizers application on yield and some morphological characteristics in Coneflower (Echinaceae purpurea L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science, 47 (2), 301-314. (in Farsi)
  10. Galal, A. M., Ibrahim, A. R. S., Mossa, J. S. & EI-Feraly, F. S. (1999(. Microbial transformation of parthenolid. Phytochemistry, 51, 761-765.
  11. Hussain, N., Hassan, G., Arshadullah, M. & Mujeeb, F. (2001). Evaluation of Amendments for the Improvement of Physical Properties of Sodic Soil. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 3 (3), 319-322.
  12. Kabariel, J., Subramanian, S. & Kumar, M. (2016). Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Grown as an Intercrop in Grand Naine Banana. International Journal of Science and Nature, 7 (2), 291-295.
  13. Khalili, A., Akbari, N. & Chaichi, M. R.  (2008).Limited Irrigation and Phosphorus Fertilizer Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.var. Kimia). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 3(5), 697-702.
  14. Kumar, S., Bauddh, K., Barman, S. C. & Singh, R. P. (2016). Organic Matrix Entrapped Bio-fertilizers Increase Growth, Productivity, and Yield of Triticum aestivum L. and  Transport of NO3-, NO2-, NH4+ and PO4-3 from Soil to Plant Leaves. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 16, 315-329.
  15. Kumari, A., Goyal, R. K., Choudhary, M. & Sindhu, S. S. (2016). Efficacy of microbial inoculants on reducing the phosphatic fertilizer in chrysanthemum. Research in Environment and Life Sciences, 9(1), 84-88.
  16. Lopez, M. & Blazquez, M. A. (2016).Characterization of the Essential Oils from Commercial Chamomile Flowers and Chamomile Teabags by GC-MS Analysis. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8(9), 1487-1491.
  17. Malboobi, M. A., Behbahani, M., Madani, H., Owlia, P., Deljou, A., Yakhchali, B., Moradi, M. & Hassanabadi, H. (2009). Performance evaluation of potent phosphate solubilizing bacteria in potato rhizosphere. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25, 1479-1484.
  18. Mohamed, Y. F. Y. & Ghatas, Y. A. A. (2016). Effect of Mineral, Biofertilizer (EM) and Zeolite on Growth, Flowering, Yield and Composition of Volatile Oil of Viola odorata L. Plants. Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants, 8 (3), 140-148.
  19. Naderidarbaghshahi, M., Monemian, S. M., Zeynali, H. & Bahari, B. (2012). Effects of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on some agromorphological and biochemical traits of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(2), 277-283.
  20. Pirzad, A. (2012).Effect of water stress on essential oil yield and storage capability of Matricaria chamomilla L.. Journal of medicinal plant research, 6(27), 4394-4400.
  21. Pouryousef, M., Chaichi, M. R., Mazaheri, D., Fakhretabatabaii, M. & Jafari, A. A. (2007). Effect of Different Soil Fertilizing Systems on Seed and Mucilage Yield and Seed P Content of Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 6 (7), 1088-1092.
  22. Ryan, J. & Stroehlein, J. L. (1979). Sulfuric Acid Treatment of Calcareous Soils: Effects on Phosphorus Solubility, Inorganic Phosphorus Forms, and Plant Growth. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43 (4), 731-735.
  23. Said-Al Ahl, H. A. H. & Hussien, M. S. (2016).Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on herb and essential oil composition of Satureja montana L. ‘carvacrol’ chemotype. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 8(6), 119-128.
  24. Shahmohammadi, F., Darzi, M. T. & Haj Seyed Hadi, M. (2014). Influence of Compost and Biofertilizer on yield and essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2 (2), 446-455.
  25. Shahraki, M., Dahmarede, M., Khamari, E. & Asgharzade, A. (2016).Effects of Azotobacter and Azospirillum and Levels of Manure on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Agroecology 8 (1), 59-69. (In Farsi)
  26. Stahi, E. & Schild, W. (1981). Drogenanalyse II, Inhaltsstoffe und Isolierungen. Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  27. Surmacz-Magdziak, A. (2011). Influence of Row Spacing on Herb Yield of Common Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.) as well as Seed Yield and Quality. Acta Agrobotanica, 64 (3), 35-38.
  28. Valaii, L., Noormohamadi, Gh., Hasanloo, T. & Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. (2015).  Effect of organic manure and bio-fertilizer on growth traits and quantity yield in milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaerth). Journal of Crop Production Research, 7(1), 237-251. (in Farsi)
Volume 48, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
December 2017
Pages 855-864
  • Receive Date: 02 November 2016
  • Revise Date: 26 December 2016
  • Accept Date: 23 January 2017
  • Publish Date: 22 November 2017