Effect of Salt Stress on Some Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Wheat Cultivars

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept., University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study to evaluate the response of wheat cultivars to salt stress on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and more understand about the mechanisms of resistance to salinity and access to tolerance genetic resources. To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of salinity (control and 16 dS m-1) on morphological and physiological aspects of 5 wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with factorial treatments in three replications. The results showed that salt stress causes a significant reduction in shoot and root dry matter, the concentration of K+ and K+/Na+ ratio of different varieties of wheat and this reduction was more severe in higher levels of salinity. The sodium content of the plant increased in high salinity. so that the negative correlation (-.828) between the concentration of sodium ions shoot and shoot and root dry matter. In addition, salt tolerant cultivars compared with the susceptible cultivars showed high K+/Na+ ratio in shoot and root keep better performance in salinity stress. So K+/Na+ showed significant positive correlation (0.747) with the shoot dry matter. salt tolerant cultivars transfer Less sodium in their shoot. shoot K+ ion concentration was positively correlated (.747) with shoot dry matter. The observed negative correlation between sodium concentration and the chlorophyll content (-0.946) indicate that the plant metabolism has been adversely affected by salinity stress.

Keywords

References

  1. References:

    1. Abdoli, M., Saeidi, M. (2012). Using different indices for selection of resistant wheat cultivars to post-anthesis water deficit in the west of Iran. Ann. Biol. Res. 3(3), 1322-1333.
    2. Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts; polyphenol-oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1-15.
    3. Ashraf, M. & Ali, Q. (2008). Relative Membrane Permeability and Activities of Some Antioxidant Enzymes as the Key Determinants of Salt Tolerance in Canola (Brassica napus). Environmental and Experimental Botany. 63: 266-273.
    4. Ashraf, M. & Harris, P.J. (2004). Potential Biochemical Indicators on Salinity Tolerance in Plants. Plant science. 166: 4- 16.
    5. Ashraf, M. & Khanum, A. (1997). Relationship between ion accumulation and growth in tow spring wheat lines differing in salt tolerance at different growth stages. Agron. Crop Sci. 178: 39-51.
    6. Ashraf, M. & Saghir, A. (2002). Influence of sodium chloride on ion accumulation, yield components and fiber characteristics in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Field Crops Research.66: 127-115.
    7. Ashraf, M., Nazir, N. & McNeilly, T. (2001). Comparative salt tolerance of amphidiploids and diploid Brassica species. Plant Science. 160: 683- 689.
    8. Asish Kumar, P. & Bandhu das, A. (2005). Salt Tolerance and Salinity Effects on Plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 60: 324-349.
    9. Cavalanti, F.R, Lima, J.P., Silva SL., FViegas RA. & Silveira, J.A. (2007). Roots and Leaves Display Contrasting Oxidative Response during Salt Stress and Recovery in Cowpea. Journal of Plant Physiology. 164: 591- 600.
    10. Cazzonelli, C. I. (2011). Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond. Functional Plant Biology,38, 833–847.
    11. Davenport, R., James R.A., Plogander A.Z., Tester, M. & Munns, R. (2005). Control of Sodium Transport in Durum Wheat. Plant Physiology. 137: 807- 818.
    12. Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Wahid, A., Ahmad. N. & Saleem, B.A. (2009a). Improving the drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativaL.) by exogenous application of salicylic acid. J Agron Crop Sci 195:237–246.
    13. Flowers, T.J. (2004). Improving Crop Salt Tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany. 55: 307- 319.
    14. Flowers, TJ. & Colmer, T.D. (2008). Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytologist.. 179(4): 945-963.
    15. Genc, Y., McDonald, G.K. &Tester M. (2007). Reassessment of tissue Na+ concentration as a criterion for salinity tolerance in bread wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment. 30(11): 1486-1498.
    16. Gorham, J. (1997). Genetic analysis and physiology of a trait for enhanced K+.Na+ discrimination in wheat. New Phytologist. 109-116.
    17. Greenway, H. & Munns, R. (1980). Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Ann Rev Plant Physiol. 31: 141-190.
    18. Gupta, S. & Srivastava, J. (1990). Effect of Salt Stress on Morpho Physiological Parameters in Wheat. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 32: 162- 171.
    19. Holtekjlen, A.K., Kinitz, C. & Knutsen, S.H. (2006). Flavanol and bound phenolic acid contents in different barley varieties. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 54(6): 2253-2260.Homaee, M., Feddes, R.A. & Dirksen, C. A. (2002). macroscopic water extraction model for non-uniform transient salinity and water strees. American Journal of Soil Science Society. 66: 1764-1772.
    20. Huang, S. spielmeyer, W., lagudah, E.S., james, RA., platen, J.D., dennis, E.S. & munns, R. (2006). a Sodium Transporter is A Candidate for Nax1, a Gene for Salt Tolerance in Durum Plant physiology. 42: 1718- 17257.
    21. Husain, S., Munns, R. & Condon, A. (2003). Effect of sodium exclusion trait on chlorophyll retention and growth of durum wheat in saline soil. Australian journal of agricultural research. 54(6): 589-597.
    22. Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R.&Panneerselvam, R. (2007). Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloid Surf B 60:7–11.
    23. James, R.A. (2008). Genetic variation in tolerance to the osmotic stress component of salinity stress in durum wheat. Functional Plant Biology. 35(2): 111-123.
    24. Kafi, M., Borzoee, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masoumi, A. & Nabati, J., (2009). Physiology of Environmental Stresses in Plants (translated). Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) Press, Mashhad, Iran.
    25. &Garg, N. (2008). Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiol Plant. 30:595-618.
    26. Marschner, P. (2011). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press.
    27. Mian, A.A., Senadheera, P. & Maathuis.& F.J.M. (2011). Improving Crop Salt Tolerance: Anion and Cation Transporters as Genetic Engineering Targets. Global Science Books, Plant Stress.
    28. Moftah, A.E. & Michel, B.E. (1987). The effect of sodium chloride on solute potential and proline accumulation in soybean leaves. Plant physiology. 83(2): 238-40.
    29. Mohammadi H., Poustini K. And Ahmadi A. (2008). Root Nitrogen Remobilization and Ion Status of Two Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Cultivars in Response to Salinity StressŲŒ J. Agronomy & Crop Science.: 931- 2250.
    30. Munns, R. & James, R.A. (2003). Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and soil: 253(1): 201-218.
    31. Munns, R. (2011). The Impact of Salinity Stress. In The Environmental and Physiological Nature of Salinity.
    32. Munns R. & Tester M. (2008).Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology.: 59: 651-681.
    33. Nayyar, H.& Gupta, D. (2006). Differential sensitivity of C3 and C4 plants to water deficit stress: Association with oxidative stress and antioxidants. and Exp. Bot. 58: 106-113.
    34. Netondo, G.W., Beck E. & Onyango, J.C. (2004). Sorghum and salinity. Crop science. 44(3): 797-805.
    35. Postini, K. & Siosemardeh, A. 2004. Ion Distribution in Wheat Cultivars in Response to Salinity Stress. Field Crops Research. 55: 125-133
    36. Satorre, E.& Slafer, G. A. (1999). Wheat Ecology and physiology of yield determination. The Haworth Press, New York, P: 503.
    37. Schurr, U., Hechenberger, U., Herdel, K., Walter, A. & Feil, R. (2000). Leaf development in Ricinus Communis during drought stress: dynamics of growth processes of cellular structure and sink source transition. Bot. 51: 1515-1529.
    38. Siddiqui, M.H. (2010). Nitrogen in Relation to Photosynthetic Capacity and Accumulation of Osmoprotectant and Nutrients in (Brassica)Genotypes Grown Under Salt Stress. Agricultural Sciences in China. 9(5): 671-680.
    39. Siddiqui, M.H. (2012). Cumulative effect of nitrogen and sulfur on Brassica juncea genotypes under NaCl stress. Protoplasma. 1-15.
    40. Smith, S.E. (2002). Root growth and yield of differing alfalfa rooting populations under increasing salinity and zero leachings. Crop science. 42(6): 2064-2071.
    41. Xue X., Liu, A. & Hua X. (2009). Proline accumulation and transcriptional regulation of proline biosynthesis and degradation in Brassica napus. BMB reports. 42(1): 28-34.
    42. Zaho, G., Mab, B. L. and Ren, C. Z. (2007) Growth, gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and ion content of naked oat in response to salinity. Crop Science. 47:123-131.
Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science
Volume 52, Issue 1
April 2021
Pages 177-190

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 October 2017
  • Revise Date: 25 January 2018
  • Accept Date: 17 February 2018
  • Publish Date: 21 March 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics