Investigation of nitrogen and sulphur effects on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of castor bean seed (Ricinus communis L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Graduated Master’s degree from Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz-Iran.

2 Assistant professor from Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz-Iran.

Abstract

In order to study effects of various levels of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), an experiment was done in 2015 at reaearch farm, agricultural faculty of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz-Iran. Experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and 5 levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1). Results indicated that maximum biological and seed yield, seed oil percentage and yield and appropriate percentage of seed crude protein obtained from applying 100 and 150 kg nitrogen per hectare. In contrast, application of 40 kg sulphur ha-1 was enough to reach maximum amounts in seed yield, HI, seed oil percentage and oil yield. Application of sulphur fertilizer had not significantly effect on seed crude protein. Maximum agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and sulphur was achieved when nitrogen and sulphur were applied at a rate of 150 and 40 kg ha-1, respectively. Interaction effects of nitrogen and sulphur showed that applying 150 kg nitrogen by 60 kg sulphur ha-1 resulted in the highest biological yield, seed and seed oil yield in castor bean. The overall conclusion of this experiment showed that presence of nitrogen and sulphur around the castor bean roots can cause an incease in leaf area, photosynthesis and biomass during the growing season, seed and oil yield at the end of the growing season.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Akter, F., Islam, Md. N., Shamsuddoha, A. T. M., Bhuiyan, M. S. I. & Shilpi, S. (2013). Effect of phosphorus and sulphur on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). International Journal of Bio-resource and stress Management, 4(4), 555-560.
2. Asghar Malik, M., Aziz, I., Khan, H. Z. & Ashfaq Wahid, M. (2004). Growth, seed yield and oil content response of canola (Brassica napus L.) to varying levels of sulphur. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6, 1153-1155.
3. Babuchowski, K. (1971). The processing value of rapeseed, cooking oil and oil-cake meal as affected by sulphur nutrition. Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Roliczej Wolsztynie Siria, 3, 51-56.
4. Boswell, F. C., Meisinger, J. J. & Case, W. L. (1985). Production, marketing and use of nitrogen fertilizers. In: O.P. Engelstad (Ed), Fertilizer Technology and Use. Third Edition. (pp. 229-292.) Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin USA.
5. Das, K. N. & Das, K. (1994). Effect of sulphur and nitrogen fertilization on yield and N uptake by rapeseed. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 42, 476-478.
6. van Delden, A. (2001). Yield and growth components of potato and wheat under organic nitrogen management. Agronomy Journal, 93(6), 1370-1385.
7. Doan, L. G. (2004). Ricin: mechanism of toxicity, clinical manifestations, and vaccine development: A Review. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 42, 201-208.
8. Ehsanipour, A., Zeinali, H. & Razmjoo, K. (2012). Effect of nitrogen levels on qualitative traits and seed yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) populations. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(42), 37-47. (In Farsi)
9. El-Sayed, K. A., Ross, S. A., El-Sohly, M. A., Khalafalla, M. M., Abdel-Halim, O. B. & Ikegami, F. (2000). Effects of different levels of fertilizers on the amino acid, fatty acid and essential oil composition of Nigella sativa L. seeds. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 8, 175-182.
10. Fairbairn, J. W. (1959). The Pharmacology of Plant Phenolics. Academic Press, New York.
11. Fallah, S. & Tadayyon, A. (2009). Effects of plant density and nitrogen rates on yield, nitrate and protein of silage maize. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 2(1), 105-121. (In Farsi)
12. Fathi, G. (1996). New reviewing on nutrient use efficiency (with emphasis on the element of nitrogen). In: Proceedings of 4th Iranian Congress on Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 25-28 Aug., Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, pp. 266-285. (In Farsi)
13. Foroghi, L. & Ebadi, A. (2012). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizer application on yield, yield components, and some physiological traits of spring safflower. Electronic Journal of Crop Production,5(2), 37-56. (In Farsi)
14. Gan, Y., Malhi, S. S., Brandt, S., Katepa-Mupondwa, F. & Stevenson, C. (2008). Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake of juncea canola under diverse environments. Agronomy Journal, 100(2), 285-295.
15. Gardner, F., Pearce R. B. & Mitchell, R. L. (2010). Physiology of Crop Plants. Scientific Publishers, New Delhi, India.
16. Ghasemi, S. & Moussavi Nik, M. (2014). Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, nitroxin and sulphur on quantity and quality of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) in Sistan region. Journal of Agroecology, 6(2), 275-289. (In Farsi)
17. Goodroad, L. L. & Jellum, M. D. (1988). Effect of N fertilizer rate and soil pH on N efficiency in corn. Plant and Soil, 106, 85-89.
18. Hashemi Dezfooli, A., Koocheki, A. & Banayan Avval. (1998). Crop Plant Improvement. Jihad-e-Daneshghahi of Mashhad Press, Mashhad-Iran. (In Farsi)
19. Jabbari, B., Mousavi Nik, M. & Yadollahi Dehcheshme, P. (2015). Effect of chemical fertilizers and plant density on yield, yield components and oil percentage of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) in Sistan region. Journal of Crop Production Research, 6(4), 274-290. (In Farsi)
20. Jan, A., Ahmad, G., Arif, M., Jan, M. T. & Marwat, K. B. (2010). Quality parameters of canola as affected by nitrogen and sulfur fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, 381-390.
21. Joudi, F., Tobeh, A., Ebadi, A., Mostafaee, H. & Jamaati-e-Somarin, Sh. (2011). Nitrogen effects on yield, yield components, agronomical and recovery nitrogen use efficiency in lentil genotypes. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 4(4): 39-50. (In Farsi)
22. Kopriva, S., Calderwood, A., Weckopp, S. C. & Koprivova, A. (2015). Plant sulfur and big data. Plant Science, 241, 1-10.
23. Kumar Singh, R. & Kumar Singh, A. (2013). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur fertilization on productivity, nutrient-use efficiency and economics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under late-sown condition. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 58(4), 583-587.
24. Laureti, D. & Marras, G. (1995). Irrigation of castor (Ricinus communis L.) in Italy. European Journal of Agronomy, 4, 229-235.
25. Linser, H., Kuhn, H. & Schlogl, G. (1964). A field technique for distinguishing between sulphur and nitrogen deficiency. V. Simposio Internazionale di Agrochimica su Lozolfo in agricoltura, Palermo, p. 90-103.
26. Marschner, H. (2007). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd Edition, Academic Press, 889 p.
27. Mengel, K., Kirkby, E. A., Kosegarten H. & Appel T. (2001). Principles of Plant Nutrition. 5th edition. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Netherlands.
28. Mojiri, A. & Arzani, A. (2003). Effect of nitrogen rate and plant density on yield components of sunflower. Journal of Water and Soil Sience, 7(2), 115-125. (In Farsi)
29. Mousavi, M., Sadeghi Bakhtavari, A. R., Pasban Eslam, B., Sameh Andabjadid, S., Kardan, J. & Mohammadi H. (2015). Effects of foliar applications of sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus on castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seed yield and its components under water deficit conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 9(2), 323-336. (In Farsi)
30. Nagaraj, G. (1995). Quality and Utility of Oilseeds. Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
31. Nakagawa, J., Neptune, A. M. L. & Jaehn, A. (1974). Isolated and combined effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in castor beans (Ricinus communis L.) varieties "IAC-38" and "Campinas". Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, 31, 233-241.
32. NeSmith, D. S. (1991). Growth responses of corn (Zea mays L.) to intermittent soil water deficits. Ph.D Thesis, Michigan State University, USA.
33. Nutall, W. F., Boswell, C. C., Sinclair, A. G., Moulin, A. P., Townley-Smith, L. J. & Galloway, G. L. (1993). The effect of time application and placement of sulphur fertilizer sources on yield of wheat, canola and barley. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 24, 2193-2202.
34. Piri, I., Mosavi Nik, M., Tavassoli, A., Rastegaripoor, F. & Babaeian, M. (2011). Effect of irrigation frequency and application levels of sulphur fertilizer on water use efficiency and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 11459-11467.
35. Rabiee, M. & Tousi Kehal, P. (2011). Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as a second crop after rice in Guilan region. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 42, 605-615. (In Farsi)
36. Rahman, M. N., Sayem, S. M., Alam, M. K., Islam, M. S. & Mondol, A. T. M. A. I. (2007). Influence of sulphur on nutrient content and uptake by rice and its balance in old Brahmaputra floodplain soil. Journal of Soil Nature, 1, 5-10.
37. Rathke, G. W., Christen, O. & Diepenbrock, W. (2005). Effects of nitrogen source and rate on productivity and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in different crop rotations. Field Crops Research, 94, 103-113.
38. Rendig, V. V., Oputa, C. & McComb, E. A. (1976). Effects of sulphur deficiency on non-protein nitrogen, soluble sugars and N/S ratios in young corn (Zea mays L.) plants. Plant and Soil, 44, 423-437.
39. Sedghi, M., Nemati, A., Seyed Sharifi, R. & Gholam Hosseini, M. (2016). The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and fertilizer use efficiency of grain corn for different planting dates in Ardabil climate condition. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 9(3), 45-65. (In Farsi)
40. Sharma, P. N., Chatterjee, C., Agarwala, S. C., Sharma, C. P. (1990). Zinc deficiency and pollen fertility in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant and Soil, 124, 221-225.
41. Shojaei, M., Daneshian, J., Mobser, H. R. & Nassiri, M. (2011). Affects different levels of nitrogen and plant density in canola (Brassica napus L.) yield in paddy field. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 6(4), 37-47. (In Farsi)
42. Sirvi, A. R., Kumar, D., Singh, N., Prasad, D. & Anand, A. (2016). Relative efficiency of sulphur sources at varying rate in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86(11), 1399-1405.
43. Tabatabaei, J. (2014). Principles of Mineral Nutrition of Plants. Tabriz University Press. (In Farsi)
44. Valadabadi, A., Yousefi, F. & Shirani Rad, A. H. (2010). Effect of water holding and different nitrogen levels on some of agronomic characteristics of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Agronomy and Plant Breeding Journal, 6(1), 99-110. (In Farsi)
45. Wagner, H. & Michael G. (1974). The influence of varied nitrogen supply on the production of cytokinins in the roots of sunflower plants. Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, 162, 147-158.
46. Weiss, E. A. (1999). Oilseed Crops. 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
47. Zarrinkafsh, M. (1992). Soil Fertility and Production. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)
48. Zebarth, B. J. & Sheard, R. W. (1992). Influence of rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of hard red winter wheat in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 72, 13-19.
49. Zhou, G., Ma, B. L., Li, J., Feng, C., Lu, J. & Qin, P. (2010). Detemining salinity threshold level for castor bean emergence and stand establishment. Crop Science, 50, 2030-2036.
50. Zhao, G. Q., Ma, B. L. & Ren, C. Z. (2009). Response of nitrogen uptake and partitioning to critical nitrogen supply in oat cultivars. Crop Science, 49(3), 1040-1048.
Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science
Volume 49, Issue 1
June 2018
Pages 29-43

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 January 2017
  • Revise Date: 16 April 2017
  • Accept Date: 17 April 2017
  • Publish Date: 22 May 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics