Effects of biological and chemical phosphorous fertilizer on grain yield, oil seed and fatty acids of Spring Safflower in water deficit conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In order to study the effect of biologic and chemical phosphorous fertilizer on the yield and physiological characteristics of a safflower cultivar (IL111) under water deficit conditions, an experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Research Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University. The experimental design was split-factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main factors tested were the three levels of water stress: full irrigation or non-stress (irrigation up to 50% soil moisture depletion relative to field capacity), water stress during the vegetative and flowering stages (irrigation up to 75% soil moisture depletion relative to field capacity). There were six sub-factor treatments created using three concentrations of phosphate chemical fertilizer (0, 50, and 100 kg ha-1Triple Super Phosphate) and two concentrations of Barvar-2 bio-fertilizer (with and without inoculation with Barvar-2). The results indicated that all traits were significantly affected by water stress condition in this experiment.The use of biological fertilizer and chemical phosphorus fertilizer at a concentration of 50 kg ha-1Triple Super Phosphate during water stress at the flowering stage increased the seed yield and harvest index by 1761.67 kg ha-1 and %12.53, respectively in comparison with control treatment (non-stress). Applying drought conditions during the flowering stage also significantly increased the fatty acid content (oleic, linoleic), oil content and oil yield when the plants were treated with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the characteristics of safflower cultivars under water stress conditions can be improved by applying both biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Abbas, M., Tomar S. S. & Nigam, K. B. (1995). Effect of phosphorus and sulphur fertilization in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 40, 243-248.
  2. Abraham Christopher, P., Viswajith, V., Prabha, S., Sundhar, K. & Malliga, P. (2007). Effect of coir pith based Cynobacterial basal and foliar biofertilizer on Basellarubra L. Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 89(1), 59-63. 
  3. Ahmadi, M. R. & Omidi, A. H. (1996). Evaluation of seed yield and effect of harvesting time on oil content of spring and winter safflower. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 27(4), 29-36. (in Farsi).
  4. Akmakc, C. I.  R., Donmez F., Aydin A. & Ahin F. S. (2006). Growth promotion of plants by plant growthpromotingrhizobacteria under greenhouse and two different field soil conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 38,1482-1487.
  5. Alizadeh, A. (2008).Soil, water and plant relationship. Emam Reza University of Mashhad. pp. 484. (in Farsi)
  6. Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration (Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements). Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, United Nations, Rome. Italy.
  7. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). (1995). Official Methods of Analysis, 16th Edition. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.
  8. Ashrafi, E. & Razmjoo, Kh. (2010). Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Oil Content and Composition of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars.  Journal of American Oil Chemists' Society, 87, 499-506.
  9. Boddy, R. M. & Dobereiner, J. (1988). Nitrogen fixation associated with grasses and cereals: Recent result and perspectives for future research. Plant and Soil, 108, 53-65.
  10. Bouchereau, A., Clossais, B. N., Bensaoud, A., Beport, L. & Renard, M. (1996). Water stress effects on rapeseed quality. Europian Journal of Agronomy, 5, 19-30.
  11. Dwivedi, S. L., Nigam, S. N., Jambunathan, R., Sahrawate, K. L., Nagabhushanam, G. V. S. & Raghunath, K. (1993). Effects of genotypes and environments on oil content and oil quality parameters and their correlations in peanut (Arachishypogaea L.). Peanut Science, 20, 84-89.
  12. Engel, R. & Bergman, J. (1997). Safflower seed yield and oil content as affected by water and N. Fertilizer Facts, 14, 14-25.
  13. Erdem, T., Erdem, Y., Orta, A. H. & Okursoy, H. (2006). Use of a crop water stress index for scheduling the irrigation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30, 11-20.
  14. Gill, M. P. S. & Dellon, N. S. (1995). Phosphorus fertilizer requirements of pearl-millet and sorghum fodders as affected by native fertility of arid brown soil. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29 (1/2), 83-88.
  15. Haydari, H. & Assad, M. T. (1998). Effects of irrigation regimes, nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on seed yield of safflower cultivar Zargan 279 in Arsanjanregion.Abstracts of the 5th Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences. Karaj, Iran. pp. 41-45 (in Persian).
  16. Jabari, H., Akbari, G. A., Daneshian, A., Alahdadi, I. and Shahbazian, I. (2007). Effect of water deficit stress on agronomic characteristics of sunflower hybrids. Agricultural Research, 9(1), 13-22.
  17. Khajehpour, M. (2005). Industrial crop production. Isfahan Technology University, Jehad daneshgahi press. 580 pp.
  18. Knowles, P. F. (1989). Safflower. In: Downey R.K., Robbelen G, Ashri A (eds) Oil crops of the world. New York, pp 363-374.
  19. Laribi, B., Bettaieb, I., Kouki, K., Sahli, A., Mougou, A. & Marzouk, B. (2009). Water deficit effects on caraway (Carum carvi L.) growth, essential oil and fattyacid composition. Industrial Crops and Products, 30, 372-379.
  20. Malakouti, M. J. & Gheibi, M. N. (1998). The soil chemical analysis methods technical publication. No. 883. Soil and water Research Institute of Iran.
  21. Malbubi, A. (2004). Wheat and barley production by Barvar-2 phosphorus biofertilizer application. Technical publication No. 1.Zist Fannavar Sabz Publications. Tehran, Iran.
  22. Malbubi, A. (2007). Characteristic of Barvar-2 phosphorus biofertilizer. Technical Publication. Zist Fannavar Sabz Publications. Tehran, Iran.p.104.
  23. Malbubi, M. A. (1998). Plant molecular biology response to environmental factors. Artices 5th Congress Agrobreed Sciences in Iran. p.11.
  24. Metcalf, L. C., Schmitz, A. A. & Pelka, J. R. (1966). Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 38,514-515.
  25. Nabipour, M., Meskarabashee, M. & Yousefpour, H. (2007). The effect of water deficit on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,10(3), 421-426.
  26. Pandey, P. K., Maranville, J. W. & Admou, A. (2001). Tropical wheat response to irrigation and nitrogen in a Sahelian environment. I. Grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency. European Journal of Agronomy, 15, 93-105.
  27. Prabhakar, M. & Saraf, C. S. (1991). Effect of irrigation regimes and management of phosphorus sources on yield biomass and water use of Chickpea. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 16(2), 221-223.
  28. Richards, R. A. & Thurling N. (1978). Variation between and within species of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in response to drought stress. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29, 479-490.
  29. Rie De Vos, C. H., Ten Bookum, W. M., Voojis, R., Schat, H. & Deko, L. J. (1993). Effect of copper on fatty acid composition and peroxydation of lipids in the roots of copper tolerant and sensitive Silene cucubalus. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 31, 151-158.
  30. Saini, H. S. & Westgate M. E. (2000). Reproductive development in crops during drought. Advances in Agronomy, 68, 60-95.
  31. Smirnoff, N. (1993). The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist, 125, 27-58.
  32. Stone, L. R. D., Goodrum, E., Jafar, M. N. & Khan, A. H. 2001. Rooting front and water depletion Depths in Grain sorghum and sunflower. Agronomy Journal, 93, 1105-1110.
  33. Turk, K. J., Hall, A. E. & Asbell, G. W. (1980). Drought adaptation of cowpea. I. Influence of drought on seed yield. Agronomy Journal, 72(3), 413-42.
  34. Vessey, J. K. (2003). Plant groeth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers.Plant and Soil, 255, 571-586.
  35. Yasari, E. & Patwardhan, A. M. (2007). Effects of aztobacter and azospirillium inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of canola. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1), 77-82.
  36. Yazdani, M., Bahmanyar, M. A., Pirdashti, H. & Esmaili, M. A. (2009). Effect of Phosphate solubilization microorganisms (PSM) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of Corn (Zea mays L.). Proc. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 37, 90-92.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 November 2015
  • Revise Date: 05 February 2016
  • Accept Date: 19 April 2016
  • Publish Date: 22 May 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics