Effect of nitrogen on water use efficiency of rain, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and soil moisture depletion under rainfed wheat

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran, and Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Maragheh, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran

Abstract

In order to study the effects of rate and application time of nitrogen on grain yield of rainfed wheat, water use efficiency of rain (WUE), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) and soil moisture depletion (SMD), one experimental farm was carried out in Kurdistan province during 2012-2014. Tratments were five rates of nitrogen (N0, N30, N60, N90 and N120) kg.ha-1 as Urea with three application times, consist of T1 (Total in the fall), T2 (2/3 in the fall+2/3 in the spring), T3 (1/2 in the fall+1/2 in the spring) with three replications as split plot arrangments, based on randomized complete block design. Annual precipitations were 256.1 and 294 mm respectively. Soil moisture measured in 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths in five growth stages of wheat. Results shown interaction effects of timing and nitrogen rates on grain yield was significantly.The effect of nitrogen rates were significantly on WUE, NAE and SMD at (P<0.01). Fall application of 60 kg.ha-1 nitrogen with increseing grain yield realative check (82%), WUE (15.44 kg.mm-1.ha-1) and NAE (25 kg.kg-1) was the best treatment. Soil moisture depletion was effected by nitrogen, so SMD started initially from tillering to stem extention from soil surface to 40 cm depth, then SMD continued to head visible and flowering of rainfed wheat in 60 cm soil depth, at last in physiological ripening stage, soil moisture was completly depleted in throuought of 0-60 cm soil depth. Nitrogen promoted the synergistic effect between nitrogen uptake and absortion of soil water. Soil mouisture depletion due to nitrogen application in 20-40 and 40-60 cm depth explained increasing of grain yield 12.36% and 27.85% respectively.

Keywords

References

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Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science
Volume 47, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
January 2017
Pages 471-490

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History

  • Receive Date: 03 November 2015
  • Revise Date: 27 January 2016
  • Accept Date: 30 January 2016
  • Publish Date: 21 November 2016

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