Evaluation of tillage systems on agronomical aspects in roselle-green gram intercropping using Replacement method

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of AgroEcology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran

2 Assistance Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at research station of Zabol university in 2012. The experiment carried out as split plot on basis of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main and sub factors included tillage systems (No, reduced, and Conventional tillage) and planting ratios of intercropping (pure culture of roselle, pure culture of green gram, 25% roselle + 75% green gram, 50% roselle + 50% green gram and 75% roselle + 25% green gram), respectively. For roselle, the results showed that the effects of tillage systems and planting ratio was significant on plant height, diameter of stem, lateral branch, number of fruit and sepal yield. For green gram the results showed that the effects of tillage systems and planting ratio was significant on plant height, number of pods in plant, number of seed in pod and economical yield. Tillage systems had not significant different on land equivalent ratio but comparison of means showed that the maximum and minimum of LER was obtained in conventional and reduce tillage, respectively. The maximum of LER was obtained at 75% green gram plus 25% roselle (1.36). In general, more useful intercropping confirmed than a pure culture of roselle and green gram.

Keywords


  1. Agegnehu, G., Ghizam, A. & Sinebo, W. (2007). Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and fababean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. European Journal of Agronomy, 25, 202-207.
  2. Ahmad, Y.M., Shahlaby, E.A. & Shnan, N.T. (2011). The use of organic and inorganic cultures in improving vegetative growth, yield characters and antioxidant activity of Roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdarifa).African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 1988-1996
  3. Ahmad, M., Naim, E., Mkarem, A., Bald, M., Moayad, M. & Zaied, B. (2012). Effect of tillage Depth and pattern on growth and yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Monenchment) under Rain-fed. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 69-73.
  4. Azad Shahraki, F., Naghavi, H. & Najafi Nejad, H. (2010). Effects of tillage systems and wheat residue management on soil characteristics and yield of maize in Kerman. Journal of Modern Agriculture, 8(19), 2-9.
  5. Banik, P., Midya, A., Sarkar, B.K. & Ghose, S.S. (2006).  Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive series experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. European Journal of Agronomy, 24, 325-332.
  6. Bolie, F., Rubio, R., Rouanet, J.L., Morales, A. & RoJas, C. (2006). Effects of tillage systems on soil characteristics, glomalin and mycorrhizal propagules in achilean ulti Sol. Soil and Tillage Research, 8, 253-261.
  7. Dahmardeh, M. (2010). The effect ofEco-physiologicalaspects ofintercropping ofmaize andcowpeaon quantity and qualityof forage maizeK.S.C 704. Ph.D. Thesis of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran.196 p. (in Persian with English Summary).
  8. De-Gennaro, L.A., De-Souza, Z.M., Marinho weill, M.D-A., De- Souza, G.S. & Alves, M.C. (2014). Soil physical and microbiological attributes cultivated with the common bean under two management systems. Revista Ciencia Agronomica, 45(4), 641-649.
  9. De Vita, P., Di Paolo, E., Fecondo, G., Di Fonzo, N. & Pisante, M. (2007). No-tillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research, 92, 69-78.
  10. Eskandari, A. (2003). Effect of different Tillage methods on soil moisture and yield of pea in dry conditions. Seed and PlantResearchJournal, 19(4), 497-511.
  11. Fooladvand, S., Ayeneband, A. & Naraki, F.L. (2010). Evaluation of Tillage system and seeding rate on yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under dry land conditions. Journal ofagriculturalresearch inIran, 8(2), 213-224. (In Persian). 
  12. Gaweda, N., Cierpiala, R., Bujak, K. & Wesolowski, M. (2014). Soybean   yield under different tillage systems. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Horticulture, 13(1), 43-54.
  13. Ghahramanyan, G.R., Ayvazi, A.R. & Noorjo, A. (2010). Effects of tillage systems and wheat residue management on the impact on water, soil physical characteristics, quality and quantity of sugar beet. Journal ofEngineering Researchagriculture,11(1), 35-48.
  14. Ghanbari, A. (2000). Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum) and bean (Vicia faba) as a low-input forage. PhD thesis. Wye Collage University of London.
  15. Ghanbari-Bonjar, A. & Lee, H.C. (2002). Intercropped field beans (Vicia faba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) for whole crop forage: effect of nitrogen on forage yield and quality. Journal of Agricultural Science, 138, 311-314.
  16. Ghanbari, A., Nasirpoor, M. & Tavasoli, A. (2011). Eco-Physiological characteristics of millet and cowpea in intercropping. Journal ofAgriculturalEcology, 2(4), 11-17.
  17. Ghanbaryan Alavijeh, H.Z., Chenarbon, H.A., Zand, B. & Hamidi, M. (2014). Effects of different tillage methods on soil physical properties, grain and forage yield of two cultivars maize. Academia Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(1), 008-015.
  18. Goulding, E., Ekanem, E. & Muhammad, S. (2008). Sustainability Assessment for a Group of Farmers in the Brazilian Amazon. The Ecology of in Sustainable Food Systems, 10.1007/s10479-008-0390-6.
  19. Hosseni, S.M., Mazaheri, D., Jahansooz, M.R. & Yazdi Samadi, B. (2003). The effect of different amounts of nitrogen on the yield of millet and cowpea in intercropping. Researchanddevelopmentin agriculture andhorticulture,16(59), 60-97.
  20. Intekab, H.W. (2008). Integrated impact of nutrient management and intercropping on physio-Agronomic Relationship of barley and Associated cultures under strip planting geometry. PhD Thesis, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Faisalabad, Pakistan. 216 p.
  21. Javanshir, A., Dabagh Mohamadi nasab, A., Hamidi, A. & Gholipoor, M. (2000). Ecology intercropping (Translation). First Edition. Jihad University of Mashhad Press. 222 p. (In Farsi)
  22. Karunatilake, U., Schindelbeck, H.M., Van Es, H.M. & Schindelbeck, R.R. (2000). Soil and maize response to plow and no-tillage after alfalfa-to-maize conversion on a clay loam soil in New York. Soil and Tillage Research, 55, 31-42.
  23. Katsvario, T.W. & Cox, W.J. (2000). Tillage × rotation × management interactions in corn. Agronomy Journal, 90, 493-500.
  24. Khalatbari, A.M., Hosseni, S.M.B., Majnoon Hosseni, N. & Mazaheri, D. (2010). Effect of intercropping on forage yield of sorghum and millet. JournalofCropScience, 41(2), 205-214.
  25. Koocheki, A., Hosseni, M. & Hashemi Dezfooli, A. (2007). Sustainable Agriculture (translation and editing. JihadUniversityof MashhadPress, 340 p. (In Farsi)
  26. Mansori, A.D., Bararpoor, M.T. & Babaiyan Jolodar, N. (2001). Effects of Tillage systems and row spacing on growth and yield of soybean and weed management. Journal of Agricultural Sciencesand Natural Resources, 73-83.
  27. Mbah, E.U., Muoneke, C.O. & Okpara, D.A. (2008). Evaluation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) planting methods and soybean (Glycine max) sowing dates on the yield performance of the component species in cassava/soybean intercrop under the humid tropical lowlands of southeastern Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(1), 42-47.
  28. McClintock, J.N. & El-Tahir, I.M. (2004). Production of Roselle. In: Plant resources of tropical Africa, PROTOA Foundation, 2 Backlnny Publication. 668 pp.
  29. Mohammadi, Kh., Nabiolahi, K., Alikhani, M. & Kharmali, F. (2009). Effects of tillage systems on soil physical properties and yield and yield components of wheat. Journal ofPlant Production, 16(4), 77-91.
  30. Motaghiyan, A., Pirdashti, H.A., Akbarpoor, W., Sarajpoor, G.H., Yaghobi, M. & Shariatnejad., S. (2013). Evaluation of basil (Ocimum basiilicum L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) yield in different intercropping mixtures via competition indices. Journal of Agro ecology, 5(3), 333 p. (In Farsi).
  31. Nakhone, L.N. & Tabatabai, M.A. (2008). Nitrogen mineralization of leguminous crops in soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 171, 231-241.
  32. Narimatsu, K.C.P., De-Mello, L.M., Domingues, L.S., Chioderoli, C. & Lima, R. (2014). Corn productivity in function of surface application of lime in different management systems and cultural preparation. Engenharia and Agricultural Jaboticabal, 34(2), 254-262.
  33. Nasiri Mohallati, M., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghadam, P. & Beheshti, A.R. (2011). Agro ecology (Translation). Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. (In Persian).
  34. Nazari, Sh., Zand, A., Asadi, S. & Golzardi, F. (2012). Effects of replacing and additive methods of corn intercropping (Zea mays L.) of green gram (Vigna radiate L.) on yield, yield components and weed biomass. Journal ofweed,4(2), 97-109.
  35. Nielson, H.H., Ambus, P. & Jensen, E.S. (2003). The comparison of nitrogen use and leaching in sole cropped. Versus intercropped pea and barley. Nutritive Cycle Agro ecosystem, 65, 289-300.
  36. Rahimi, M., Mazaheri, D., Khodabandeh, N. & Hedari Sharifabad, H. (2003). Evaluate the product in intercropping corn and soybeans in the Arsanjan region. Journal ofAgricultural Sciences, Pp, 109-124.
  37. Rahimzadeh, R. & Navid, H. (2011). Effect of tillage system on the properties of the of clay soil and wheat yield in rotation with peas in dry land conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and sustainable production, 31(1), 30-41.
  38. Rezvani Moghadam, P., Raoufi, M., Rashed Mohasel, M.H. & Moradi, R.A. (2009). The composition of the various crop and weed control in intercropping effects green gram and Nigella.   Journal ofAgriculturalEcology, 1(1), 65-79.
  39. Saban, Y., Mehmt, A. & Mustafa, E. (2007). Identification of advantages of maize-legume intercropping over solitary cropping through competition indices in the East Mediterranean region. Turk Journal Agriculture, 32, 111-119.
  40. Safari, A., Asodar, M., Ghaseminejad, M. & Ebdali Mashhadi, A. (2013). The effect of residue, various methods of tillage system and planting on soil characteristics and yield of wheat. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge sustainable production, 23(2), 50-59.
  41. Sarrantonio, M. & Gallandt, E.R. (2003). The role of cover crops in North American cropping systems. Journal of Crop Production, l8, 53-74.
  42. Suivan, P. & Diver, S. (2001). Overview of cover crops and green manures fundamentals of sustainable agriculture. NCAT Agriculture Specialist.
  43. Tavasoli, A., Ghanbari, A., Ahmadi, M.M. & Hedari, M. (2010). Effect of manure and chemical fertilizers on yield of millet (Panicum miliaceum) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) intercropping. Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research, 8(2), 1-11.
  44. Tobeh, A. (1999). The effectof wintercoverscropsonagriculturalpreserve and enhancessoil, yield and some aspects of maize. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
  45. Tsubo, M., Walker, S. & Ogindo, H.O. (2004). A simulation model of cereal-legume intercropping systems for semi-arid regions I. Model development. Field Crops Research, 90, 48-61.
  46. Vandermeer, J.H. (1989). The Ecology of intercropping. Cambridge University Press.
  47. Zakeri, H. & Kazemi, N. (2006). Tillagesystemsin sustainable agriculture (Translation). University of Ilam Press. 243 p.
  48. Zand, B. & Ghafari Khaligh, H. (2002). The possibility of intercropping cowpea grain sorghum under different cropping patterns. Abstract7thCongressofCropSciences, September Karaj, 166 p. (In Farsi).
  49. Zhang, L., Van Der Werf, W., Zhang, S., Li, B. & Spiertz, J.H.J. (2007). Growth, yield and quality of wheat and cotton in relay strip intercropping systems. Field Crops Research, 103, 178-188.
Volume 47, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
October 2016
Pages 265-276
  • Receive Date: 22 July 2015
  • Revise Date: 29 November 2015
  • Accept Date: 30 November 2015
  • Publish Date: 22 August 2016