Deficit irrigation and macro and micro fertilizers effects on Morpho-physiological traits of summer annual savory (Satureja hortensis L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D. Student, Ecology Crops, International College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Associate Professor, Department of Crop Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 Professor, Department of Crop Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj

4 Professor, Department of Crop Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

To investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and macro and micro fertilizers on morpho-physiological characteristics of Satureja a field experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Haji-Abad (Hormozghan province-Iran) a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2012-2014. Irrigation treatments consisted of normal, moderate and severe water stress (with 70, 100 and 130 mm evaporation from open pan class A) as main plots and nine fertilizer allocated to sub-plots included of triple superphosphate, low and high levels (100 and 200 kg per ha) of ammonium nitrate each at low and high levels (100 and 200 kg. ha-1), foliar application of zinc sulfate and iron sulfate each at low and high levels (0 and 0.5 kg. ha-1), and a control (no fertilizer). The experimental results showed that irrigation treatment and fertilizer application had significant effects on plant height and number of secondary branches. Interaction effects showed that moderate water stress and micro fertilizer application increased proline and soluble sugar content in savory plant. The highest chlorophyll concentration (2.66 mg. gr-1 on plant fresh weight basis) and leaf relative water content (62.7%) was related to normal irrigation treatment. The irrigation regime increased levels of proline, and essential oil contents. Also the micronutrients spraying increased the savory plant tolerance to water deficit stress.

Keywords


  1. Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, A., Lebaschi, M.H., Naderi Hajibagherkendi, M. & Moghaddami, F. (2007). Effects of water stress on proline, soluble sugar, chlorophyll and relative water (RWC) Melissa (Melissa officinalis L). Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 23(4), 504-513. (In Farsi)
  2. Abbaszadeheh, B., Sharifi Ashourabadi, E., Ardakani, M.R., Paknejhad, F., Habibi, D. & Adraki, M. (2006). Effect of solid nitrogen application on biological yield, essential oil percentage and essential oil yield of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under greenhouse condition. Proceeding of 18th World Congress of Soil Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 9-15 July: 147.
  3. Abd El-Rahim, M.F., Fahmy, G. & Mand Fahmy, Z.M. (1998). Alterations in transpiration and stem vascular tissues of two maize cultivars under conditions of water stress and late wilt disease. Plant Pathology, 47, 216-223.
  4. Alizadeh Sahzabi, A., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, A., Shirani Rad, A.H. & Abbaszadeh, B. (2007). Effect of different rates and methods of nitrogen application on quality and quantity characteristics of some savory herbs (Satureja hortensis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 23(3), 416-431. (In Farsi)
  5. Arnon DI. (1967). Photosynthetic activity of isolated chloroplasts. Physiol Rev, 47(3): 317-358
  6. Babai, K., Amini Dehhaghi, M., Modares Sanavi, A.M. & Jabbari, R. (2010). Effects of water stress on morphological traits, proline and of thymol in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 26(2), 239-251. (In Farsi)
  7. Bist, L.D., Kewaland, C.S. & Sobran, S. (2000). Effect of planting geometry and level of nitrogen on growth and yield quality of European Dill (Anethum gravolens L.). Journal of Horticulture, 57, 351-355.
  8. Charles, O., Joly, R. & Simo, J.E. (1994). Effect of osmotic stress on the essential oil content and composition of peppermint. Phytochemistry, 29, 2837- 2840.
  9. Hasani, A. & Omidbeygi, R. (2002). Effects of water stress on some morphological characteristics, physiological and metabolic in the basil plant. Agricultural Science, 12(3), 47-59. (In Farsi)
  10. Hekmatshoar, H. (2003). Plant Physiology in difficult conditions (translator). Tabriz University Press. 355 pages. (In Farsi)
  11. Hemantaranjan, A. (1996). Physiology and biochemical significance of zinc in plants. (in) Advancement in Micronutrient Research, pp. 151-178. Scientific publishers, Jodhpurs, Rajasthan, India.
  12. Hey, R. (2000).Volatile oil crops. Andarz Publications, Tehran.
  13. Irrigoyen, J.H., Emerich, D.W. & sanchez Diaz, M. (1992). Water stress induced changes in concentration of proline and total soluble sugars in modulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants. Physiologia plantarum, 84, 55-66.
  14. Jamzadeh, Z. (2009). Iranian thyme and savory. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. 81 pages. (in Farsi)
  15. Jiang, Y. & Huang, N. 2001. Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turf grasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science, 41, 436-442.
  16. Leon, V. & Kochain, P. (1991). Mechanisms of micronutrient uptake and translocation in plant. Pp. 229-285.
  17. Levitt, J. (1980). Response of plants to environmental stresses, Vol. 2, Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses, Academic press, New York, 650p.
  18. Majidi Harvan, A. (1993). Physiological mechanisms of resistance to environmental problems. Abstract proceedings of the First Congress of Agronomy, Tehran University. 18-15 September: 133-134. (in Farsi)
  19. Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., Moddares Sanavi, A.M., Sorooshzadeh, A. & Jalali Javaran, M. (2004). Changes in proline, total soluble sugars, chlorophyll (SPAD) and chlorophyll fluorescence in winter safflower varieties under drought stress and foliar application of zinc and manganese. Desert, 9(1), 93-110. (in Farsi)
  20. Muni Ram, D. & Singh, S. (1995). Irrigation and nitrogen requirements of Bergamot min on a sandy loam soil under sub-tropical conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 27, 45-54.
  21. Omidbeygi, R. (1995). Production approaches and processing of medicinal plants. Volume I, Publications Fekr rooz, pp 183. (in Farsi)
  22. Paquine, R. & Lechasser, P. 1997. Absorptions sureness method dosage calibers. Pp. 145-160.
  23. Petropoulos, S.A. Dimitra, D., Polissiou, M.G. & Passam, H.C. (2008). The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Sciences Horticulture, 115, 393-397.
  24. Radnia, H. (2000). Food shortages in arable crops, fruit trees and vegetables. Publications of Agricultural Extension. 417 pages. (in Farsi)
  25. Salardini, A. & Mojtahedi, M. (2003). Principles of plant nutrition. Volume One. Tehran University Press. 433 pages. (in Farsi)
  26. Safikhani, F., Heydari Sharifabadi, H., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, A., Siadat, A., Seyyed Nejad, M. & Abbaszadeh, B. (2007). Effect of drought stress on percent and yield oil and physiological characteristics, in the Badarshboo (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 23(1), 86-99. (in Farsi)
  27. Sumner, R.E. & Farina, M.P.W. (1986). Phosphorus interactions with other nutrients and time in field cropping systems. PP. 201-230. In: B.A. Stewart (ed.).
  28. Venskutonis, R., Rylaite, E. & Siulaiuskas, A. (1999). Characterization of Carum carvi cultivates in Lithuania. Horticulture and Vegetable Growing, 18(3), 85-92.