Effect of Superabsorbent Application on Grain Yield and Some Physiological Characters of Canola Hybrids under Terminal Drought Stress Condition

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Graduate M. Sc. Student, Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch

2 Associated Professor of Agric. And Natural Resource Res. Center of Khuzestan Ahvaz-Golestan street. P.O.Box: 61335/3341

Abstract

One of the soil and water management practices in order to delay drought stress under water deficit condition; is superabsorbent application. In order to study the effect of  superabsorbent application on yield and yield components, two antioxidant enzymes activity and water relation of two canola hybrids under terminal drought stress condition, a research was carried out in Ahvaz climate condition, as a split-split plot experiment using complete randomized block design with four replication, in 2009-10 cropping season. Two water treatment (well-water and terminal drought stress), two canola hybrids (308 and 401), and three superabsorbent application (0, 75 and 150 Kg/ha) were the main, sub and sub-sub plots respectively. Yield and yield components, and some physiological characters including glutathione peroxidase (GPX), super oxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes content, cytoplasm membrane leakage (CML) and leaf relative water content (RWC) were meseared. Results showed that except harvest index, effect of water treatment was significant for grain yield, all other yield components and physiological characters. Hybrids difference was significant only for biological yield. Effect of superabsorbent application was not significant for biological yield and thousand grain weight. Interaction effects of hybrids×superabsorbent application and water treatment×superabsorbent application were significant for yield and yield components. Mean grain yield under well-water and terminal drought stress conditions were 2948 and 1345 Kg/ha respectively. Activity of GPX, SOD enzymes and RWC decreased while CML increased under terminal drought stress condition. According to comparison of grain yield and yield components and also based on physiological traits which were studied in this research, however superabsorbent application decreased the water deficit affect under terminal drought stress condition, but it does not seem that superabsorbent application could be individually completely compensate the water stress damage.

Keywords


  1. Ahmadi, M. & Bahrani, M.J. (2009). Yield and yield components of rapeseed as influenced by water stress at different growth stages and nitrogen levels. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science, 5 (6), 755-761,
  2. Akbar, M., Saleem, U.T., Yaqub, M. & Iqbal, N. (2007). Utilization of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for seed yield improvement in Brassica juncea L. Journal of Agricultural Research, 45(1), 25-31.
  3. Asseng, S., Jamieson, P.D. & Howden, S.M. (2009). Simulated rapeseed growth affected by rising absorbent polymers.Field Crops Research, 288, 445–453.
  4. Blum, A. (1996). Crop. Response to drought and the interpretation. Plant Growth Regul, 20, 35-148.
  5. Challinor, A.J., Wheeler, T.R., Craufurd, P.Q. & Slingo, J.M. (2008). Absorbent polymers influence to root uptake in oil crops.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 481, 394–401.
  6. Chang, J.M., Clay, D.E., Carlson, C.G., Reese, C.L., Clay, S.A. & Ellsbury, M.M. (2004). Defining yield goals and management zones to minimize yield and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer recommendation. Agronomy Jornal, 96, 825–831.
  7. Derby, N.E., Steele, D.D., Terpstra, J., Knighton, R.E. & Casey, F.X.M.(2008).Interactions of polymers and oxidative stress in antioxidant enzymes rate. Agronomy Jornal, 456,822–829.
  8. El-Harris, M.K., Cochran, V.L., Elliott, L.F. & Bezdicek, D.F. (2007). Effect of polymers, and water deficit on biochemical cellular situation. `Plant Physiololgical Journal, 558, 261–270.
  9. Flowers, M., Weiz, R., Heininger, R., Osmond, D. & Crozier, C. (2008).Superoxide dismutase in response to water deficit and root development. Agronomy Jornal, 612, 314–321.
  10. Foyer, C.H. & Noctor, G.N. (2003). Redox seningand signaling assocrated with neactive oxygen in chloroplasts, peroisomes and mitochondria. Phsiological Plantarum, 119, 355-364.
  11. Foyer, C.H., Lelandais, M. & Kunert, K.J. (1994). Photooxidative stress in plant. Phsiological Plantarum, 92, 690-717.
  12. Girma, K., Teal, R.K., Freeman, K.W., Tubana, B., Holtz, S., Boman, R.K. & Raun, W.R. (2008).Yield accumulation with absorbent polymers in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Plant Science, 64, 543–550.
  13. Herzog, H. & Gotz, K.P. (2004). Influence of water deficit on uptake and distribution of selenium in canola monitore by soil injected 15N. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190,161-167.
  14. Jensen, C.R., Morgensen, V.O., Mortensen G. & Fieldsend, M. (2007). Oxidants activity in crops.Field Crops Research, 311, 244-252.
  15. Johnson, M.S. & Leah, R.T. (1990). Effect of superabsorbent polyacrylamide on efficency of water use by crop seedling. Journal of Science and Food Agriciculture, 52, 431-434.
  16. Johnson, G.V. & Raun, W.R. (2008). Polymers application for increase water use efficiency in response to superoxide dismutase. Agronomy Jornal, 59, 735–743.
  17. Khadem, S.H., Rousta, M.J., Chorom, M., Khadems, S.A. & Kasragan, A. (2010). The effect of different rates of super absorbent polymers and manure on corn nutrient uptake In: 19th world congress of soil science.1-6. Aug.Brishane. Astrlia.
  18. Khan, F.A., Ali, S., Shakeel, A., Saeed, A. & Abbas, G. (2006). Correlation analysis of some quantitative characters in Brassica napus L. Journal of Agricultural Research, 44 (1), 7-14.
  19. Khayat, M., Lack, S. & Karami, H. (2012). Correlation and path analysis of traits affecting grain yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) Varieties. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(6), 5555-5562.
  20. Lawson, A.N. (2005). Emergence timing of volunteer canola in spring wheat fields in Manitoba. M.Sc.thesis.Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg,MB.
  21. Lee, D.H. & Kim, Y.S. (2001). The inductive response of the antioxidant enzymes by water deficit stress and selenium in crop plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 770, 151-174.
  22. Momoh, E.J.J. Zhou, W.J. & Kristiansson, B. (2002).Variation in the development of secondary dormancy in oilseed rape genotypes under conditions of stress. Weed Research, 42, 446–455.
  23. Motavalli, P.P., Bundy, L.G. & Peterson, A.E. (2007). Nitrogen uptake and N mineralization with polymers applied in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Production, 116, 211–219.
  24. Mullen, R.W. Freeman, K.W., Raun, W.R. & Solie, J.B. (2008). The prevention of water deficit stress for yield protective in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Agronomy Jornal, 44, 781–780.
  25. Murrien, S. & Peltonen-Sainio, P. (2006). Radiation –use efficiency of modern and old spring canola cultivars and its response to polymers in northern growing conditions.Field Crops Research, 96, 363-373.
  26. Sayre, K.D., Rajaram, S. & Fischer, R.A. (2007). Yield improvement to assess antioxidant activity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Crop Science, 91, 248–255.
  27. Singh, D.P., Chaudhury, B.D. & Singh, P. (2008). Brassica cultivars differ response to selenium. Field Crops Research, 665, 251-258.
  28. Tusar, P., Maiti, S. & Mitra, B. (2006).Variability correlation and path analysis of the yield attributing characters of Brassica spp. Research on Crops, 7( 1), 191-193.
  29. Vannozi, G. & Larner, F. (2007). Proline accumulation during drought stress in selenium treatments in rapeseed. Journal of Plant Physiology, 254(12), 256-270.
Volume 45, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
October 2014
Pages 409-417
  • Receive Date: 13 December 2011
  • Revise Date: 19 May 2015
  • Accept Date: 15 April 2012
  • Publish Date: 23 September 2014