Effect of using different tillage methods on dryland wheat yield under cold, moderate and semi-warm climatic conditions of Kermanshah province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D Student, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

To study the effects of different tillage systems on yield and some characteristic of wheat and also some soil properties in wheat dry land area, six experiments were performed in cold, moderate and semi-warm climatic conditions of Kermanshah province in west of Iran, in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Experimental treatments were consisted of no-tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage systems. The highest seed yield was observed in no-tillage (2365 kg ha-1) and reduced tillage (2373 kg ha-1) systems of moderate climate of the second year. The highest economic value was related to no-tillage (24832 thousand Rials) and reduced tillage (24316 thousand Rials) systems of moderate climate of the second year and no-tillage system of moderate climate of the second year (22753 thousand Rials). In all climates and years, no-tillage system with 11.97% (about two times) following by reduced tillage with 11.16% (more than 1.5 times), preserved large soil moisture in comparison to conventional tillage system (6.2%). Soil organic carbon was not affected by climate type and experimental years, but general trend of differences indicated that no-tillage and reduced tillage systems (except the second year of warm climate) 1.6 and 1.3% were higher than conventional tillage system. The lowest soil bulk density (1.24) was observed in the conventional tillage system. In general, it could be concluded that conservation tillage systems can supply, more yield and economic returns, as well as conserving more water than conventional tillage and its application is a necessary step toward a sustainable agriculture.

Keywords

References

  1. Anonymous. (2012). Annual agricultural statistics. Ministry of JihadeAgriculture of Iran. www.maj.ir
  2. FAOSTAT data of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org/.
  3. Alvarez, R. & Steinbach, H. S. (2009). A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research, 104, 1–15.
  4. Amini, A. Rajaie, M. & Farsinezhad, K. (2014). Effects of different plant residue under different tillagepractices on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ecophysiology, 6, 27–37. (In Farsi).
  5. Bescansa, P. Imaz, M. J. Virto, I. Enrique, A. & Hoogmoed, W. B. (2006). Soil water retention as affected by tillage and residue management in semiarid Spain. Soil and Tillage Research, 87, 19-27.
  6. Chandrasekaran, B. (2010). A textbook of agronomy. New Age International Pvt. Ltd.
  7. Das, A., Lal, R., Patel, D. P., Idapuganti, R. G., Layek, J., Ngachan, S. V., Ghosh, P. K. Bordoloi, J. & Kumar, M. (2014). Effects of tillage and biomass on soil quality and productivity of lowland rice cultivation by small scale farmers in North Eastern India. Soil and Tillage Research, 143, 50-58.
  8. FAO. (2013). FAOSTAT data of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org/.
  9. Fullen, M. A. & Catt, J. A. (2014). Soil Management: Problems and Solutions. Routledge. 320 pages.
  10. Gauch, H. G., Piepho, H. P. & Annicchiarico, P. (2008).Statistical analysis of yield trials by AMMI and GGE: Further considerations. Crop Science, 48, 866-889.
  11. Halvorson, A. D. Blak, A. L. Krupinsky, J. M. & Merril, S. D. (1999). Dryland winter wheat response to tillage and nitrogen within an annual cropping system. Agronomy Journal, 91, 702-707.
  12. Hammel, J. E. (1995). Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on winter wheat production in northern Idaho. Agronomy Journal, 87, 16-22.
  13. Hemmat, A. & Eskandari, I. (2004a). Tillage system effects upon productivity of a dryland winter wheat–chickpea rotation in the northwest region of Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 78, 69-80.
  14. Hemmat, A. & Eskandari, I. (2004b). Conservation tillage practices for winter wheat–fallow farming on a clay loam soil (Calcisols) under temperate continental climate of northwestern Iran. Field Crops Research, 89, 123-133.
  15. Hemmat, A. Eskandari, I. (2006). Dryland winter wheat response to conservation tillage in a continuous cropping system in northwestern Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 86, 99–109.
  16. Hillel, D. (2003). Introduction to Environmental Soil Physics. Academic Press.
  17. Javadi, A. Rahmati, M. H. & Tabatabaeefar, A. (2009). "Sustainable tillage methods for irrigated wheat production in different regions of Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 104, 143–149.
  18. Jespers, H. H. Sayre, K. D. Raes, D. Deckers, J. & Govaerts, B. (2011). "Soil water content, maize yield and its stability as affected by tillage and crop residue management in rainfed semi-arid highlands Nele Verhulst, Victoria Nelissen, Niels. Plant and Soil, 344 73–85.
  19. Jin, H. Li, H. Rasaily, R. G. Qingjiea, W. Cai, G. Su, Y. Qiao, X. & Liu L. (2011). Soil properties and crop yields after 11 years of no tillage farming in wheat–maize cropping system in North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research, 113, 48–54.
  20. Khajepour, M.R. (2001). The principle of agronomy. Jihad-Daneshghahi, Isfahan University of Technology Press. Isfahan, Iran. 398 pp.
  21. Lopez-Bellido, L. Fuentes, M. Castillo, J. E. & Fernandez E. J. (1996). Longterm tillage, crop rotation, and nitrogen fertilizer effects on wheat yield under rained Mediterranean condition. Agronomy Journal, 88, 783–791.
  22. Mays, L. (2009). Integrated Urban Water Management: Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: UNESCO-IHP (Urban Water-Unesco-IHP). CRC Press.
  23. Mejahed, E. I. & Sander, K. D. H. (1998). Rotation, tillage and fertilizer effects on wheat-based rain fed crop rotation in semiarid Morocco. In: Proceeding of third European conference on grain legumes. Opportunities for high quality, healthy and added-value crops to meet European demands. Valladolid, Spain, 442-454.
  24. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. (2011). www.maj.ir
  25. Nyamangara, J., Nyengerai, K., Masvaya, E. N., Tirivavi, R., Mashingaidze, N., Mupangwa, W., Dimes, J., Hove, L. & Twomlow, S. (2014). Effect of conservation agriculture on maize yield in the semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe. Experimental Agriculture, 50, 159–177.
  26. Rakshit, S., Ganapathy, K. N., Gomashe, S. S., Rathore, A., Ghorade, R. B., Nagesh, M. V., Kumar, K. & Ganesmurthy, K. (2012). GGE biplot analysis to evaluate genotype, environment and their interactions in sorghum multi-location data. Euphytica, 185, 465-479.
  27. Reeves, D. W. (1997). The role of soil organic matter in maintaining soil quality in continuous cropping systems. Soil and Tillage Research, 43, 31-167
  28. Rubio, J., Cubero, J. I., Martin, L. M., Suso, M. J. & Flores F. (2004).  Biplot analysis of trait relations of white lupin in Spain. Euphytica, 135, 217-224.
  29. Saharawat, Y. S., Singh, B., Malik, R. K., Ladha, J. K., Gathala, M., Jat, M. L. & Kumar, V. (2010). Evaluation of alternative tillage and crop establishment methods in a rice–wheat rotation in North Western IGP. Field Crops Research, 116, 260-267.
  30. Sharma, P., Abrol, V. & Sharma, R.K. (2011). Impact of tillage and mulch management on economics, energy requirement and crop performance in maize–wheat rotation in rainfed subhumid inceptisols, India. European Journal of Agronomy, 34, 46-51.
  31. Singh, Y., Ladha, J. K., Khind, C. S. & Bueno, C. S. (2004). Effects of residue decomposition on productivity and soil fertility in rice- wheat rotation. Soil Science of Society America Journal, 68, 854-864.
  32. Stewart, B. A. & Peterson, G. A. (2014). Managing green water in dryland agriculture. Agronomy Journal, 106, 1-10.
  33. Triplett, G. B. & Dick, W. A. (2008). No-tillage crop production: a revolution in agriculture. Agronomy Journal, 100, 153-165.
  34. Verhulst, N., Nelissen, V., Jespers, N., Haven, H., Sayre, K. D., Raes, D., Deckers, J. & Govaerts, B. (2011). Soil water content, maize yield and its stability as affected by tillage and crop residue management in rainfed semi-arid highlands. Plant and Soil, 344, 73-85.
  35. Walkley, A. & Black, I. A. (113934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining organic carbon in soils: Effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Science, 63, 251-263.
  36. Yan, W., Kang, M. S., Ma, B., Woods, S. & Cornelius, P. L. (2007). GGE biplot vs. AMMI analysis of genotype-by-environment data. Crop Science, 47, 643-653.
Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science
Volume 46, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
January 2016
Pages 605-618

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 20 May 2015
  • Revise Date: 09 July 2015
  • Accept Date: 20 July 2015
  • Publish Date: 22 December 2015

Share

How to cite

Statistics