تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و کاربرد کودهای آلی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک، زراعی و کیفیت دانه سویا (Glycine max L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1- دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آگروتکنولوژی-فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان،خرم

2 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان،خرم آباد، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان،خرم آباد، ایران

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان،خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت و کودهای آلی بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک، زراعی و کیفیت سویا رقم کوثر، آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان در سال 1400 اجرا شد. در این پژوهش تاریخ کاشت در سه سطح (15 فروردین، 15 اردیبهشت و 15 خرداد) و مصرف کودهای آلی در سه سطح (ورمی کمپوست 10 تن در هکتار، کود دامی گوسفندی30 تن در هکتار و مصرف توام ۵ تن ورمی کمپوست و ۱۵ تن کود دامی) در نظر گرفته شد. براساس نتایج، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک در تیمار ترکیبی کود دامی و ورمی کمپوست به ترتیب به میزان 46/20، 56/21 و 22/17 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش نشان دادند. بالاترین میزان روغن (26/25 درصد) و پروتئین دانه (67/43 درصد) نیز متعلق به تیمار کود دامی در تاریخ کاشت اول و سوم حاصل شد. در تیمار ترکیب کود دامی و ورمی کمپوست در تاریخ کاشت دوم، سرعت فتوسنتز به میزان 13/8 درصد و در تاریخ کاشت دوم و بیش‌ترین کارایی کوانتومی فتوسیستم II به میزان 7/5 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد ثبت شد. بطور کلی، تیمار ترکیب کود دامی و ورمی کمپوست در تاریخ کاشت دوم، بهترین نتایج را ارایه داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effects of planting date and application of organic fertilizers on the physiological, agronomical and qualitative characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad mohammadi 1
  • Hamid Reza Eisvand 2
  • Zeinab Farajollahi 3
  • Mahmoud Gholami 4
1 5th Kilometer of Khorramabad-Boroujerd Highway
2 Department of Agrotechnology, Lorestan University
3 5th Kilometer of Khorramabad-Boroujerd Highway
4 Department of Plant Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effects of planting date and organic fertilizers on various physiological, agronomical, and qualitative characteristics of soybean (cv. Kowsar), a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, in 2021. This research considered three levels of planting date (April 04, May 05, and June 05) and three levels of organic fertilizers (vermicompost at 10 tons per hectare, manure at 30 tons per hectare, and a combined treatment of 5 tons of vermicompost and 15 tons of manure). According to the results, the 1000-grain weight, seed yield, and biological yield increased by 20.46%, 21.56%, and 17.22%, respectively, in the combined treatment of manure and vermicompost. The highest amounts of oil (25.26%) and seed protein (43.67%) were obtained from the manure treatment on the first and third planting dates. In the combined treatment of manure and vermicompost under the second planting date conditions, the rate of photosynthesis was 8.13% higher, and the photosystem II quantum efficiency was 5.7% higher compared to the control. Overall, the best results were observed in the combined treatments of manure and vermicompost and the second planting date.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll fluorescence
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Oil percentage
  • Protein percentage
  • Soybean
5 منابع
Abdraimova, N.A., Umbetov, A.K., Yeleshev, R.E., & Goos, R.J. (2014). Effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on
the soybean (Glycine max) yield and fertility of the irrigated soils. Life Science Journal, 11(11), 256-261.
Ahmadpour, R., Armand, N., Hosseinzadeh, S.R., & Rigi, G. (2017). The effect of compost on some photosynthetic
parameters in three stages of lentil plant growth under drought stress. Plant Research Journal (Iranian Biology
Journal), 31(4), 780-768. (In Persian).
Amani Machiani, M., Javanmard, A., Morshedloo, M.R., & Maggi, F. (2018). Evaluation of competition, essential oil
quality and quantity of peppermint intercropped with soybean. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 743-754.
Amiri, H., Ismaili, A., & Hosseinzadeh, S.R. (2017). Influence of vermicompost fertilizer and water deficit stress on
morpho-physiological features of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Karaj). Compost Science and Utilization, 25(3),
152-165.
Arslanoglu, S.F. (2022). The effects on the root and plant development of soybean of organic fertilizer applications.
Bioscience Journal, 38, e38036. https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v38n0a2022-60382.
Bender Ozenç, D. (2006). Effects of composted hazelnut husk on growth of tomato plants. Compost Science and
Utilization, 14, 271-275.
Brumm, T.J., & Hurburgh, C.R. (2006). Changes in long-term soybean compositional patterns. Journal of American
Oil Chemists’ Society, 83, 981–982.
Buranova, S., Cerny, J., Mitura, K., Lipinska, K.J., Kovarik, J., & Balik, J. (2016). Effect of organic and mineral
fertilizers on yield parameters and quality of wheat grain. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 47(2), 47–53.
Colet, F., Lindsey, A.J., & Lindsey, L.E. (2023). Soybean planting date and seeding rate effect on grain yield and
profitability. Agronomy, Soils, and Environmental Quality, 115, 2286–2297.
Dadian, A.R., Madani, H., Vafaie, M.R., & Farmahini, A. (2008). Effect of planting date on yield and yield
components of soybean in Farahan region. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 5, 281-294.
Deepak, S.B., Thakur, A., Singh, S., Bakshi, M., & Bansal, S. (2019). Changes in crop physiology under drought
stress: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(4), 1251-1253.
Devasirvatham, V., Tan, D.K.Y., Gaur, P.M., Raju, T.N., & Trethowan, R.M. (2012). High temperature tolerance in
chickpea and its implications for plant improvement. Crop and Pasture Science, 63, 419-428.
Farokhi, A., Kochaki, A., Nasiri Mahalati, M., & Khademi, R. (2020). The effect of using animal, biological and
chemical fertilizers on the performance and some morphological characteristics of Aloe vera in Bushehr province.
Agricultural Ecology, 13(3), 407-391. (In Persian).
Genty, B., & Meyer, S. (1995). Quantitative mapping of leaf photosynthesis using chlorophyll fluorescence
imaging. Functional Plant Biology, 22(2), 277-284.
Ghahfarokhi, H., Esmaeili, M., Danesh Shahraki, A., & Ghajar Sepanlu, M. (2021). Evaluation of organic and nitrogen
fertilizers application on quality of forage of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia
Scop.) under intercropping system. Journal of Agroecology, 13, 563-579.
Golchin, L., Tavakoli, A., Kahramanpour, & Zarin Qalami, S. (2023). Effect of low irrigation and planting date on
seed yield, physicochemical characteristics and oil content of safflower varieties (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Iranian
Agricultural Plant Sciences, 54(4), 47-60. DOI 10.22059/ijfcs.2023.354782.654979. (In Persian).
Hajduch, M., Hearne, L., Miernyk, J., Casteel, J., Joshi, T., Agrawal, G., Song, Z., Zhou, M., Xu, D., & Thelen, J.
(2010). Systems analysis of seed filling in Arabidopsis: Using general linear modeling to assess concordance of
transcript and protein expression. Plant Physiology, 152, 2078–2087.
Hosseinzadeh, S.R., Amiri, H., & Ismaili, A. (2016). Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic
characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Photosynthetica, 54(1), 87-92.
62 مجلة علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران، دورة پنجاه و پنجم، شمارة چهارم، 1403
Hosseinzadeh, S.R., Salimi, A., Ganjeali, A., & Ahmadpour, R. (2014). Effects of foliar application of methanol on
photosynthetic characteristics chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 5, 115-132.
Jahangiri Nia, A., Siadat, S.A., Kochzadeh, A., Moradi Rekat, M.R., & Sayahfar, M. (2015). The effect of using vermicompost and mycorrhizal fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of soybean under water stress
conditions. Journal of Agriculture, 18(2), 331-319. (In Persian).
Jalilian, S., Mandani, F., Fatemi, A., & Bagheri, A. (2018). Evaluation of the effect of manure and cover plant on soil
physicochemical characteristics and growth and performance of organic sesame. Master's thesis in the field of
organic agriculture, majoring in agroecology. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Iran.
Kalantar Ahmadi, A. (2020). The effect of winter planting on the growth and seed yield of soybean genotypes in the
conditions of North Khuzestan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Iran, 23(4), 305-290. (In Persian).
Kalantar-Ahmadi, S., Eslamizadeh, A., & Ghodrati, G.R. (2018). Effect of sowing date on growth and seed yield of
soybean (Glycine max Merrill) genotypes under North Khuzestan weather conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop
Sciences, 20(1), 45-60. (In Persian).
Kalate-Arabi, M., Sheykh, F., Soghi, H., & Hyve Chi, J.A. (2011). Effects of sowing date on grain yield and its
components of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Gorgan in Iran. Journal of Seed Plant, 27(3),
285-296.
Karadavut, U., Palta, C., Kavurmaci, Z., & Bolek, Y. (2010). Some grain yield parameters of multi-environmental
trials in faba bean (Vicia faba) genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12, 217-220.
Karami, M., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A., & AghaAlikhani, M. (2018). The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of
sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) under different irrigation and nutrient regimes. Iranian Journal of Field Crop
Science, 49, 203-216. (In Persian).
Karimi Jalile Vandi, T. (2018). Investigating the effect of planting date and chemical fertilizer on the moisture content
of Balango Shirazi seeds during seed filling. Journal of Seed Research, 9(2), 69-61. (In Persian).
Karimi, F., Bahmanyar, M.A., & Shahabi, M. (2012). Improving the content of oil, protein and some yield components
of canola in two calcareous soil, consequence the sulfur and cattle manure application. Journal of Agricultural
Science and Sustainable Production, 22(3), 71-85. (In Persian).
Karimi, S., Yadollahi, A., & Arzani, K. (2015). Gas-exchange response of almond genotypes to water stress.
Photosynthetica, 53, 29-34.
Kumar, S., Rawat, C.R., Dhar, S., & Rai, S.K. (2005). Dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake and changes in soil
fertility status as influenced by different organic sources of nutrients to forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Indian
Journal Agriculther Science, 75(6), 340-342.
Lakhdar, A., Rabhi, M., Ghnaya, T., Montemurro, F., Jedidi, N., & Abdelly, C. (2009). Effectiveness of compost use
in salt affected soil. Hazardous Materials, 171(3), 29- 37.
Majidian, M. (2008). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, manure and water stress in agro systems during different growth
stages on quantities and qualitative agronomic characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.). Ph.D. Thesis. Tarbiat
Modaress University, Tehran, Iran.
Matsuo, N., Fukami, K., & Tsuchiya, S. (2016). Effects of early planting and cultivars on the yield and agronomic
traits of soybeans grown in southwestern Japan. Plant Production Science, 19(3), 370 -380.
Mohammadzadeh Toutounchi, P., Pirzad, A., & Jalilian, J. (2019). Effect of biofertilizers and vermicompost on yield
and forage quality of chicory under rainfed condition. Journal of Crops Improvement, 21, 195-207. (In Persian).
Mousavi, S.K., & Pezeshkpour, P. (2006). Evaluation of Kabouli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars response to
sowing date. Iranian Agronomy Research, 4, 141-154.
Nadeem, M., Li, J., Yahya, M., Sher, A., Ma, C., Wang, X., & Qiu, L., (2019). Research progress and perspective on
drought stress in legumes: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(10), 2541.
Pandey, V., Patel, A., & Patra, D.D. (2016). Integrated nutrient regimes ameliorate crop productivity, nutritive value,
antioxidant activity and volatiles in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 87, 124-131.
Rahayu, M., Purwanto, E., Setyawati, A., Sakya, Samanhudi, A.T., Yunus, A., Purnomo, D., Handoyo, G.C.,
Arniputri, R., & Na’imah, S. (2021). Growth and yield response of local soybean in the giving of various organic
fertilizer. Earth and Environmental Science, 905, 012028. Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012028.
Rahbarian, R., Khavari-nejad, R., Ganjeali, A., Bagheri, A.R., & Najafi, F. (2011). Drought stress effects on
photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and water relations in tolerant and susceptible chickpea (Cicer arietinum
L.) genotypes. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia-Series Botanica, 53, 47-56.
Rizvan Moghadam, P., Sabouri, A., Mohammad Abadi, A., & Moradi, R. (2012). The effect of chemical fertilizers,
cow and urban waste compost on yield, yield components and oil content of three genotypes of sesame in Mashhad.
Journal of Agricultural Research of Iran, 2(11), 250-241. (In Persian).
Rivero, R.M., Mestre, T.C., Mittler, R., Rubio, F., Garcia-Sanchez, F., & Martinez, V. (2014). The combined effect
of salinity and heat reveals a specific physiological, biochemical and molecular response in tomato plants. Plant,
Cell and Environment, 37, 1059–1073.
تاثیر تاریخ کاشت و کاربرد کودهای آلی بر ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک، زراعی و کیفیت دانه سویا 63
Roberts, C.A., Workman, J., & Reeves, J.B. (2004). Near-infrared spectroscopy in agriculture. Madison, 212p.
Roche, J., Mouloungui, Z., Cerny, M., & Merah, O. (2019). Effect of sowing dates on fatty acids and phytosterols
patterns of Carthamus tinctorius (L.). Applied Sciences, 9(14), 28-39. Doi:10.3390/app9142839.
Saeed Nejad, A.H., Rizvani Moghadam, P., Khazaei, H.M., & Nasiri, M. (2010). The effect of using organic materials,
biological fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the digestibility and protein content of fodder sorghum. Iranian
Agricultural Research Journal, 9(4), 623-630. (In Persian).
Sajadi Nik, R., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H.R., & Farajee, H. (2011). Effect of chemical (urea), organic (vermicompost)
and biological (nitroxin) fertilizers on quantity and quality yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of
Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 21(2), 87-101. (In Persian).
Salari, M., & Barhani, A. (2021). Investigating the effect of different planting dates on the quantitative and qualitative
characteristics of soybeans in Khuzestan. Journal of Plant and Crop Science, 12(2), 189-174. (In Persian).
Seki, M., Umezawa, T., Urano, K., & Shinozaki, K. (2007). Regulatory metabolic networks in drought stress
responses. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 10(3), 296-302.
Serhat, Z., & Baran, B. (2003). Influences of composted hazelnut husk on some physical properties of soils.
Bioresource Technology, 88, 241-244.
Shahrosund, S., Issund, H.R., Nazarian Firouzabadi, F., & Faizian, M. (2018). The effect of sulfur and vermicompost
application on some agricultural traits and yield of Hobbit soybean. Scientific Journal of Ecophysiology of Crop
Plants, 3(51), 447-460. (In Persian).
Sharaf Nejad, A., & Nasraleh Zadeh Asl, A. (2012). Effect of planting date on yield and yield components of soybean
cultivars in Selmas region. Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 6(22), 1-12. (In Persian).
Sheikhi Sanandji, D., Heydari, G., Fathi, P., Sharifi, Z., & Khodvardilo, H. (2023). Investigating the effect of different
levels of vermicompost and irrigation on the yield and quality of quinoa fodder. Iranian Crop Science, 54(2), 15-
24. DOI: 10.22059/ijfcs.2022.348816.654942. (In Persian).
Shi, Y.L., Cai, Z.Y., Li, D., Lu, J.L., Ye, J.H., Liang, Y.R. & Zheng, X.Q. (2019). Effect of freezing on photosystem
ii and assessment of freezing tolerance of tea cultivar. Plants, 8(10), 434.
Sikder, S., Foulkes, J., & West, H. (2015). Evaluation of photosynthetic potential of wheat genotypes under drought
condition. Photosynthetica, 53, 47-54.
Silva, R. (2005). Effect of planting date and planning distance on growth of flaxseed. Agronomy Journal, 136, 113-
118.
Soleymani, F., & Naseri, R.. (2020). Responses of seed yield and morphophysiological traits of mungbean (Vigna
radiate L.) cv. Gohar to GDD and plant density in Ilam region. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 14(3), 433-446.
(In Persian).
Tang, C.H., Yang, X., Chen, X., Ameen, A., & Xie, G. (2018). Sorghum biomass and quality and soil nitrogen balance
responce to nitrogen rate on semiarid marginal land. Field Crops Research, 215, 12-22.
Tartoura, A.H. (2010). Alleviation of oxidative-stress induced by drought through application of compost in wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) plants. American- Eurasian Journal Agriculture Environmental Science, 9(2), 208-216.
Valiolahpor, R., Khakzad, R., Gholipori, A., & Barari, H. (2011). The effect of sowing date on density and dray matter
of weed and yeild of soybean cultivars. Journal of Plant Protection, 25, 92-101