ارزیابی صفات زراعی - مورفولوژیکی برای شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به خشکی در لوبیا چشم بلبلی (Vigna unguiculata L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

لوبیا چشم ‌بلبلی یکی از حبوبات چند منظوره‌ای است که در چندین منطقه خشک استوایی رشد می‌کند. با این‌حال، نظر به عدم وجود اطلاعات ژنتیکی دقیق در بسیاری از کشورهای آسیایی، موفقیت برنامه‌های اصلاحی چندان چشم‌گیر نیست. لذا در پژوهش حاضر، به‌منظور ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی، از 30 ژنوتیپ لوبیا چشم بلبلی کلکسیون حبوبات بانک ژن گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات حاصل از نتایج بررسی‌های چندین ساله، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو شرایط بدون تنش آبی (60 میلی‌لیتر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر) و تنش خشکی (120 میلی‌لیتر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر) در سال زراعی 02-1401در مزرعه آموزشی پژوهشی گروه‌ زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر صفات زراعی- مورفولوژیکی تفاوت معنی‌داری با یکدیگر داشتند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای، ژنوتیپ‌ها را در چهار خوشه گروه‌بندی کرد. در مجموع بر اساس تحلیل بای‌پلات، تجزیه خوشه‌ای و همبستگی، در شرایط نرمال ژنوتیپ‌های 4، 6، 14، 28 و 29 و در شرایط تنش خشکی ژنوتیپ‌های 5، 6، 14، 28 و 29 بالاترین عملکرد دانه را دارا بودند. با توجه به اینکه ژنوتیپ‌های 28، 29 و 14 دارای کاهش عملکرد کمتری در شرایط تنش خشکی نسبت به نرمال می‌باشند از این‌رو به عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل شناسایی شدند که در قیاس با ارقام شاهد دارای عملکرد بالاتری بودند، که می‌توانند به عنوان منابع ژنتیکی نویدبخشی برای بهبود اصلاح تحمل به خشکی در لوبیا چشم ‌بلبلی قلمداد شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of agro-morphological Traits to identify tolerant genotypes in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Banafsheh Ghorbani 1
  • Alireza Taleei 2
  • Reza Maali-Amiri 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Cowpea is a multiple-purpose drought-tolerant leguminous pulse crop grown in several dry tropical areas. However, detailed genetic information is lacking in many Asian countries, limiting the success of breeding programs. In this research, in order to evaluate the drought tolerance of 30 cowpea genotypes, an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design with three replications in two conditions without stress (60 ml evaporation from the evaporation pan) and drought stress (120 ml ‌ liter of evaporation from the evaporation pan) was done in field conditions. The genotypes were significantly different from each other in terms of agro-morphological traits. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into four clusters. In general, based on bi-plot analysis, cluster analysis and correlation, genotypes 4, 6, 14, 28 and 29 in normal conditions and in drought stress conditions genotypes 5, 6, 14, 28 and 29 have the highest yield. They had the seed. Due to the fact that genotypes 28, 29 and 14 have a lower yield under drought stress than normal, they were identified as tolerant genotypes, which had higher yields than the control cultivars. Which might represent promising cowpea genetic resources for improved drought tolerance breeding.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Multivariate statistics
  • abiotic stress
  • genetic diversity
  • Cowpea
  • drought tolerance
5 منابع
Abdou, R.I.B.Y., Mensah, B., Addam, K.S., & Akromah, R. (2013). Using morpho-physiological parameters
to evaluate cowpea varieties for drought tolerance. International Journal of Agricultural Science
Research.
ارزیابی ترکیب کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام برنج در مدیریت فشرده کشت 93
Agbicodo, E.M., Fatokun, C.A., Muranaka, S., Visser, R.G., & Linden Van Der, C.G. (2009). Breeding
drought tolerant cowpea: Constraints, accomplishments, and future prospects. Euphytica, 167, 353-370.
Ajayi, A.T. (2020). Relationships among drought tolerance indices and yield characters of cowpea (Vigna
unguiculata L. Walp). Int. J. Sci. Res. in Biological Sciences, 7(5).
Alidu, M.S. (2018). Evaluation of cowpea genotypes for drought tolerance using the pot screening
approach. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 10(2), 1-11.
Arifuzzaman, M., Barman, S., Hayder, S., Azad, M.A.K., Turin, M.T.S., Amzad, M.A., & Masuda, M.S.
(2020). Screening of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under drought stress conditions using
multivariate analysis. Cereal Research Communications, 48, 301-308.
Bastos, E.A., Nascimento, S.P.D., Silva, E.M.D., Freire Filho, F.R., & Gomide, R.L. (2011). Identification of
cowpea genotypes for drought tolerance. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 42, 100-107.
Boukar, O., Belko, N., Chamarthi, S., Togola, A., Batieno, J., Owusu, E., ..., & Fatokun, C. (2019). Cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata): Genetics, genomics and breeding. Plant Breeding, 138(4), 415-424.
Bouslama, M., & Schapaugh Jr, W.T. (1984). Stress tolerance in soybeans. I. Evaluation of three screening
techniques for heat and drought tolerance 1. Crop Science, 24(5), 933-937.
Dadson, R.B., Hashem, F.M., Javaid, I.Q.B.A.L., Joshi, J.A.G.M.O.H.A.N., Allen, A.L., & Devine, T.E.
(2005). Effect of water stress on the yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes in the
Delmarva region of the United States. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 191(3), 210-217.
Ezin, V., Tossou, T.A., Chabi, I.B., & Ahanchede, A. (2023). Diallel analysis of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata
(L.) Walp.) genotypes under water deficit stress. BMC Plant Biology, 23(1), 539.
Fernandez, G.C. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In Proceeding of the
International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and other Food Crops in Temperature and Water
Stress, Aug. 13-16, Shanhua, Taiwan, 1992 (pp. 257-270).
Fischer, R.A., & Maurer, R. (1978). Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield
responses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29(5), 897-912.
Gavuzzi, P., Rizza, F., Palumbo, M., Campanile, R.G., Ricciardi, G.L., & Borghi, B. (1997). Evaluation of
field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Canadian Journal of
Plant Science, 77(4), 523-531.
Gomes, A.M.F., Draper, D., Talhinhas, P., Santos, P.B., Simões, F., Nhantumbo, N., ..., & Ribeiro-Barros,
A.I. (2020). Genetic diversity among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) landraces suggests central
Mozambique as an important hotspot of variation. Agronomy, 10(12), 1893.
Gomes, A., Nhantumbo, N., Ferreira-Pinto, M., Massinga, R., Ramalho, J.C., & Ribeiro-Barros, A. (2019).
Breeding elite cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] varieties for improved food security and income
in Africa: Opportunities and challenges. Legume Crops‐Characterization and Breeding for Improved
Food Security, 626-640.
Gonçalves, A., Goufo, P., Barros, A., Domínguez‐ Perles, R., Trindade, H., Rosa, E.A., ..., & Rodrigues, M.
(2016). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), a renewed multipurpose crop for a more sustainable
agri‐ food system: nutritional advantages and constraints. Journal of the Science of Food and
Agriculture, 96(9), 2941-2951.
Govindaraj, M., Vetriventhan, M., & Srinivasan, M. (2015). Importance of genetic diversity assessment in
crop plants and its recent advances: An overview of its analytical perspectives. Genetics Research
International.
Hayatu, M., Muhammad, S.Y., & Abdu, H.U. (2014). Effect of water stress on the leaf relative water content
and yield of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) genotype. International Journal of Scientific &
Technology Research, 3(7).
Hossain, A.B.S., Sears, R.G., Cox, T.S., & Paulsen, G.M. (1990). Desiccation tolerance and its relationship
to assimilate partitioning in winter wheat. Crop Science, 30(3), 622-627.
Ilyas, M., Nisar, M., Khan, N., Hazrat, A., Khan, A.H., Hayat, K., ... & Ullah, A. (2021). Drought tolerance
strategies in plants: A mechanistic approach. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 40, 926-944.
Iseki, K., Takahashi, Y., Muto, C., Naito, K., & Tomooka, N. (2018). Diversity of drought tolerance in the
genus Vigna. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 729.
Jayathilake, C., Visvanathan, R., Deen, A., Bangamuwage, R., Jayawardana, B.C., Nammi, S., & Liyanage,
R. (2018). Cowpea: An overview on its nutritional facts and health benefits. Journal of the Science of
Food and Agriculture, 98(13), 4793-4806.
Kang, S., Gu, B., Du, T., & Zhang, J. (2003). Crop coefficient and ratio of transpiration to
evapotranspiration of winter wheat and maize in a semi-humid region. Agricultural Water
Management, 59(3), 239-254.
Khadka, K., Earl, H.J., Raizada, M.N., & Navabi, A. (2020). A physio-morphological trait-based approach
for breeding drought tolerant wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 715.
94 مجلة علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران، دورة پنجاه و پنجم، شمارة چهارم، 1403
Khokhar, M.I., da Silva, J.T., & Spiertz, H. (2012). Evaluation of barley genotypes for yielding ability and
drought tolerance under irrigated and water-stressed conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of
Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 12(3), 287-292.
Mousavi, S.S., Yazdi, S.B., Naghavi, M.R., Zali, A.A., Dashti, H., & Pourshahbazi, A. (2008). Introduction
of new indices to identify relative drought tolerance and resistance in wheat genotypes.
Nadeem, M., Li, J., Yahya, M., Sher, A., Ma, C., Wang, X., & Qiu, L. (2019). Research progress and
perspective on drought stress in legumes: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(10),
2541.
Nkomo, G.V., Sedibe, M.M., & Mofokeng, M.A. (2020). Phenotyping cowpea accessions at the seedling stage
for drought tolerance using the pot method. BioRxiv, 2020-07.
Nkomo, G.V., Sedibe, M.M., & Mofokeng, M.A. (2021). Production constraints and improvement strategies
of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes for drought tolerance. International Journal of
Agronomy, 2021, 1-9.
Rabieyan, E., Bihamta, M.R., Moghaddam, M.E., Alipour, H., Mohammadi, V., Azizyan, K., & Javid, S.
(2023). Analysis of genetic diversity and genome-wide association study for drought tolerance related
traits in Iranian bread wheat. BMC Plant Biology, 23(1), 431.
Rabieyan, E., Bihamta, M.R., Moghaddam, M.E., Mohammadi, V., & Alipour, H. (2022b). Genome-wide
association mapping and genomic prediction of agronomical traits and breeding values in Iranian wheat
under rain-fed and well-watered conditions. BMC Genomics, 23(1), 1-25.
Rabieyan, E., Bihamta, M.R., Moghaddam, M.E., Mohammadi, V., Alipour, H., & Cammarano, D. (2022a).
Imaging-based screening of wheat seed characteristics towards distinguishing drought-responsive
Iranian landraces and cultivars. Crop and Pasture Science, 73(4), 337-355.
Reif, J.C., Xia, X.C., Melchinger, A.E., Warburton, M.L., Hoisington, D.A., Beck, D., ..., & Frisch, M. (2004).
Genetic diversity determined within and among CIMMYT maize populations of tropical, subtropical,
and temperate germplasm by SSR markers. Crop Science, 44(1), 326-334.
Rosielle, A.A., & Hamblin, J. (1981). Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non‐ stress
environment 1. Crop Science, 21(6), 943-946.
Sánchez-Reinoso, A.D., Ligarreto-Moreno, G.A., & Restrepo-Díaz, H. (2020). Evaluation of drought indices
to identify tolerant genotypes in common bean bush (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Integrative
Agriculture, 19(1), 99-107.
Sanogo, S.A., Diallo, S., Batieno, T.B.J., Ishola, A.I., Sawadogo, N., & Nyadanu, D. (2023). Screen house
assessment of cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.)] genotypes for drought tolerance using selection
indices. Agricultural Sciences, 14(4), 457-473.
Santos, M.P., Cogo, A.J.D., & Aragão, F.J. (2023). Variabilities in water deficit tolerance among cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) genotypes. South African Journal of Botany, 163, 552-560.
Santos, R., Carvalho, M., Rosa, E., Carnide, V., & Castro, I. (2020). Root and agro-morphological traits
performance in cowpea under drought stress. Agronomy, 10(10), 1604.
Schneider, K.A., Rosales-Serna, R., Ibarra-Perez, F., Cazares-Enriquez, B., Acosta-Gallegos, J.A., RamirezVallejo, P., ..., & Kelly, J.D. (1997). Improving common bean performance under drought stress. Crop
Science, 37(1), 43-50.
Sehgal, A., Sita, K., Siddique, K.H., Kumar, R., Bhogireddy, S., Varshney, R.K., ..., & Nayyar, H. (2018).
Drought or/and heat-stress effects on seed filling in food crops: Impacts on functional biochemistry,
seed yields, and nutritional quality. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1705.
Shah, T.M., Imran, M., Atta, B.M., Ashraf, M.Y., Hameed, A., Waqar, I., ..., & Maqbool, M.A. (2020).
Selection and screening of drought tolerant high yielding chickpea genotypes based on physiobiochemical indices and multi-environmental yield trials. BMC Plant Biology, 20, 1-16.