Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Integrated management of organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza inoculation on seed yield and yield components of dwarf chicory (Cichorium pumilum Jacq.) Integrated management of organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza inoculation on seed yield and yield components of dwarf chicory (Cichorium pumilum Jacq.) 1 12 70048 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.98972.653689 FA Journal Article 2014 05 02 In order to investigate the effects of organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza inoculation on yield and yield components of dwarf chicory (Cichorium pumilum Jacq.), an experiment was conducted as factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2012-2013 growing seasons. Experimental treatments were all combinations of organic fertilizers at four levels (cow manure, humic acid, fulvic acid and control) and mycorrhiza inoculation at three levels (inoculation with Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices and control without inoculation). The results showed that the mycorrhiza species increased the number of lateral branches, plant height, number of inflorescence per plant, number of seed and seed weight per plant. Application of G. mosseae led to increasing of seed yield as 29% higher than control treatment. Using organic fertilizers improved seed yield. The highest number of lateral branches and plant height were obtained in cow manure treatment and the highest number of inflorescence, number of seeds per plant and seed yield were shown in humic acid treatment. Furthermore, integrated mycorrhizae and organic fertilizers treatments increased yield and yield components of dwarf chicory. In order to investigate the effects of organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza inoculation on yield and yield components of dwarf chicory (Cichorium pumilum Jacq.), an experiment was conducted as factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2012-2013 growing seasons. Experimental treatments were all combinations of organic fertilizers at four levels (cow manure, humic acid, fulvic acid and control) and mycorrhiza inoculation at three levels (inoculation with Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices and control without inoculation). The results showed that the mycorrhiza species increased the number of lateral branches, plant height, number of inflorescence per plant, number of seed and seed weight per plant. Application of G. mosseae led to increasing of seed yield as 29% higher than control treatment. Using organic fertilizers improved seed yield. The highest number of lateral branches and plant height were obtained in cow manure treatment and the highest number of inflorescence, number of seeds per plant and seed yield were shown in humic acid treatment. Furthermore, integrated mycorrhizae and organic fertilizers treatments increased yield and yield components of dwarf chicory.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70048_6b367b913172fe25743a197d1c3f7b8f.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Investigation of rice recombinant inbred lines based on drought tolerance using tolerance indices and SSR markers Investigation of rice recombinant inbred lines based on drought tolerance using tolerance indices and SSR markers 13 24 70167 10.22059/ijfcs.2017.220374.654215 FA Atefeh Sabouri 0000-0002-5831-768X Journal Article 2016 11 15 Drought stress is considered as one of the most important limiting factors in plant production. In the present study, 142 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from IR28 and Shahpasand were investigated in Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Guilan during spring and summer 2015. After recording of yield under normal and drought stress conditions, in order to determine the drought tolerant lines were used tolerance indices and microsatellites markers that identified as linked to drought stress. According to the cluster analysis results, all of lines were divided to four groups. In this grouping two lines (37 and 144) a long with another sub group with 11 lines were most tolerant lines based on tolerance indices (GMP, STI and MP). Average yield of these 13 lines under normal and drought stress condition were 5.086 and 4.678 t/ha respectively. In order to validate identified markers for drought stress identified in previous studies, a stepwise regression was performed. The marker RM7 for all dependents variables, RM231 for yield under two conditions, STI and RM302 for yield under two conditions, GMP, and MP were significant and thereafter RM12091, RM19367 and RM10793 were the next important markers. Association analysis revealed 51.4% of variation of yield under drought stress was explained by RM7, RM231, RM302, RM12091 and RM19367 markers that can be indicative a confirmation of these markers importance in present genetic background. Drought stress is considered as one of the most important limiting factors in plant production. In the present study, 142 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from IR28 and Shahpasand were investigated in Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Guilan during spring and summer 2015. After recording of yield under normal and drought stress conditions, in order to determine the drought tolerant lines were used tolerance indices and microsatellites markers that identified as linked to drought stress. According to the cluster analysis results, all of lines were divided to four groups. In this grouping two lines (37 and 144) a long with another sub group with 11 lines were most tolerant lines based on tolerance indices (GMP, STI and MP). Average yield of these 13 lines under normal and drought stress condition were 5.086 and 4.678 t/ha respectively. In order to validate identified markers for drought stress identified in previous studies, a stepwise regression was performed. The marker RM7 for all dependents variables, RM231 for yield under two conditions, STI and RM302 for yield under two conditions, GMP, and MP were significant and thereafter RM12091, RM19367 and RM10793 were the next important markers. Association analysis revealed 51.4% of variation of yield under drought stress was explained by RM7, RM231, RM302, RM12091 and RM19367 markers that can be indicative a confirmation of these markers importance in present genetic background.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70167_2a8761c6afa583b4d0f6d852897b8759.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Effect of moisture regimes on yield and water use efficiency in three wheat cultivars in karaj Effect of moisture regimes on yield and water use efficiency in three wheat cultivars in karaj 25 34 70168 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.218354.654204 FA Farshad Salehi nothing 0000-0002-1867-165X Reza Basiri Nothing Mojtaba Mirabzadeh Journal Article 2016 11 02 The present study was conducted at the research farm of Agriculture College and Natural Resources at the University of Tehran as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2014-2015. The aim of this study was the determination of optimum moisture regimes to maximum yield and water use efficiency in wheat plant. Three varieties of wheat included (Pishtaz, Sivand and Parsi), and 12 moisture regimes (70, 90, 110 & 130 mm cumulative evaporation at vegetative growth stage and 90, 110 & 130 at reproductive growth stage). in the following, the moisture levels were applied based on the evaporation rate from class A evaporation pan . The main effects of cultivar and moisture regimes had significant effects on all studied traits. Among the surveyed cultivars in the current study, the highest yield was recorded in Pishtaz cultivar, this superiority had been shown with the highest grain yield as well as the highest number of grains, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. The highest yield was observed in control moisture regime (T79), and increasing the time of irrigation intervals from 70 to 90, 110 or 130 mm cumulative evaporation from pan evaporation class A, grain yield decreased approximately 15, 19 and 27%, respectively. However, per irrigation treatment group of vegetative growth stage (70, 90, 110 & 130), increasing intervals irrigation from 90 to 110 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation at reproductive growth stage did not cause a significant reduction in grain yield. The present study was conducted at the research farm of Agriculture College and Natural Resources at the University of Tehran as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2014-2015. The aim of this study was the determination of optimum moisture regimes to maximum yield and water use efficiency in wheat plant. Three varieties of wheat included (Pishtaz, Sivand and Parsi), and 12 moisture regimes (70, 90, 110 & 130 mm cumulative evaporation at vegetative growth stage and 90, 110 & 130 at reproductive growth stage). in the following, the moisture levels were applied based on the evaporation rate from class A evaporation pan . The main effects of cultivar and moisture regimes had significant effects on all studied traits. Among the surveyed cultivars in the current study, the highest yield was recorded in Pishtaz cultivar, this superiority had been shown with the highest grain yield as well as the highest number of grains, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. The highest yield was observed in control moisture regime (T79), and increasing the time of irrigation intervals from 70 to 90, 110 or 130 mm cumulative evaporation from pan evaporation class A, grain yield decreased approximately 15, 19 and 27%, respectively. However, per irrigation treatment group of vegetative growth stage (70, 90, 110 & 130), increasing intervals irrigation from 90 to 110 and 130 mm cumulative evaporation at reproductive growth stage did not cause a significant reduction in grain yield.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70168_a63c77d70a28a675137b3a8ce3d30890.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Evaluation of Bread Wheat Genotypes under Drought Stress Conditions using Drought Tolerance indices and SSR Molecular Markers. Evaluation of Bread Wheat Genotypes under Drought Stress Conditions using Drought Tolerance indices and SSR Molecular Markers. 35 51 70443 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.241954.654379 FA Hossein Dashti department of genetic and plant production,faculty of Agriculture ,vali-asr-university,Rafsanjan Iran 0000-0002-3594-4955 Zohreh Dehghan Manshadi department of genetic and plant production,faculty of Agriculture ,vali-asr-university,Rafsanjan Iran Khalil Malekzadeh department of genetic and plant production,faculty of Agriculture ,vali-asr-university,Rafsanjan Iran Shahab Maddah Hosseini department of genetic and plant production,faculty of Agriculture ,vali-asr-university,Rafsanjan Iran Journal Article 2017 10 10 36 bread wheat genotypes including 6 improved and introduced cultivars and 30 other genotypes that are collected and prepared from different regions of Iran and other countries were evaluated in two irrigation conditions (normal and limited irrigation) in two separate randomized complete block design with three replications in both moisture conditions. By measuring the average yield for each genotype in each environment, tolerance and stress susceptibility indices were calculated and the relationship between a number of micro satellite markers (associated with drought tolerance) and drought tolerance of genotypes were studied. The genotypes were divided into three groups( tolerant, semi tolerant and susceptible) by cluster analysis based on Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Geometric Productivity Mean (GMP), Mean Performance (MP) and Yield Index (YI) as well as grain yield under stress conditions . Genotypes 11.113, 1553, 176, 198, 3798, 689, 894, 9016, 910, 99, Kohdasht, Pishtaz, Zagros, Sivand And Genotypes 1637, Sardari, 2047, 2103, Azar 2, 871, 890 were identified as tolerant and semi tolerant genotypes respectively. Cluster analysis based on micro satellite markers also divided the genotypes into three groups. Comparison of dendrograms revealed a significant relationship between drought tolerance and SSR markers. As well as , regression analysis between the grain yield in both conditions, GMP, STI, MP as dependent and marker bands as independent variables showed that(WMC179 , WMC307 and WMC322) are the most effective marker in( MAS) for improving yield under stressed and non-stress conditions. 36 bread wheat genotypes including 6 improved and introduced cultivars and 30 other genotypes that are collected and prepared from different regions of Iran and other countries were evaluated in two irrigation conditions (normal and limited irrigation) in two separate randomized complete block design with three replications in both moisture conditions. By measuring the average yield for each genotype in each environment, tolerance and stress susceptibility indices were calculated and the relationship between a number of micro satellite markers (associated with drought tolerance) and drought tolerance of genotypes were studied. The genotypes were divided into three groups( tolerant, semi tolerant and susceptible) by cluster analysis based on Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Geometric Productivity Mean (GMP), Mean Performance (MP) and Yield Index (YI) as well as grain yield under stress conditions . Genotypes 11.113, 1553, 176, 198, 3798, 689, 894, 9016, 910, 99, Kohdasht, Pishtaz, Zagros, Sivand And Genotypes 1637, Sardari, 2047, 2103, Azar 2, 871, 890 were identified as tolerant and semi tolerant genotypes respectively. Cluster analysis based on micro satellite markers also divided the genotypes into three groups. Comparison of dendrograms revealed a significant relationship between drought tolerance and SSR markers. As well as , regression analysis between the grain yield in both conditions, GMP, STI, MP as dependent and marker bands as independent variables showed that(WMC179 , WMC307 and WMC322) are the most effective marker in( MAS) for improving yield under stressed and non-stress conditions.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70443_a829e8565298ed4326951a465bd9ee0d.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Effect of symbiosis interaction of Mycorrhizae Arbuscular on mineral uptake in wheat ( Pishtaz cultivar) Effect of symbiosis interaction of Mycorrhizae Arbuscular on mineral uptake in wheat ( Pishtaz cultivar) 51 63 70445 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.97865.653679 FA Journal Article 2016 01 05 In order to study the effect of symbiosis interaction of Mycorrhizae Arbuscular on mineral uptake in wheat ( Pishtaz cultivar), a greenhouse test with 11 treatments (2 species of Glomus mossea, 2 species of G. intraradices, 2 species of G. clarum, 1 species of G. etanicatum, 1 species of G. caledonium, 1 species of G. claroideum, 1 control treatment without mycorrhiza inoculation, a mix treatment with different species was done in greenhouse of biology department of Soil and Water Research Institute in completely randomized design. Result showed that root colonization percentage was significantly (1% probability) increased in harvest time of wheat and reached to 50% of root system. Maximum shoot dry weight was in T7 (G. claroideum) and it was 11.89 g per pot. Wheat root symbiosis with fungi, increased uptake of P, K, Zn and shoot dry weight (5% probability). Maximum P uptake was in T4 (G. intraradices) and it was 29.9 mg per pot. Maximum K uptakes were in T7 (G. claroideum) and T11 (mix treatment with different species), they were 175.95 and 173.41 mg per pot respectfully. Maximum Zn uptake was in T11 and it was 0.947 mg per pot. T11 had better results in most of measured parameters comparing to other treatments. In order to study the effect of symbiosis interaction of Mycorrhizae Arbuscular on mineral uptake in wheat ( Pishtaz cultivar), a greenhouse test with 11 treatments (2 species of Glomus mossea, 2 species of G. intraradices, 2 species of G. clarum, 1 species of G. etanicatum, 1 species of G. caledonium, 1 species of G. claroideum, 1 control treatment without mycorrhiza inoculation, a mix treatment with different species was done in greenhouse of biology department of Soil and Water Research Institute in completely randomized design. Result showed that root colonization percentage was significantly (1% probability) increased in harvest time of wheat and reached to 50% of root system. Maximum shoot dry weight was in T7 (G. claroideum) and it was 11.89 g per pot. Wheat root symbiosis with fungi, increased uptake of P, K, Zn and shoot dry weight (5% probability). Maximum P uptake was in T4 (G. intraradices) and it was 29.9 mg per pot. Maximum K uptakes were in T7 (G. claroideum) and T11 (mix treatment with different species), they were 175.95 and 173.41 mg per pot respectfully. Maximum Zn uptake was in T11 and it was 0.947 mg per pot. T11 had better results in most of measured parameters comparing to other treatments.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70445_e23a1932f2931c968e7ec2d6a253e38c.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Effects of different fertilization systems (bio and nano-bio) on growth, elements concentration, foliage and essential oil yield of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under drought stress Effects of different fertilization systems (bio and nano-bio) on growth, elements concentration, foliage and essential oil yield of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under drought stress 67 86 70451 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.234393.654329 FA Roghayeh Mohammadpour Vashvaei university of zabol- student Ahmad Ghanbari Member of science at zabol university Barat Ali Fakheri University of Zabol 0000-0002-7785-056X Mahmood Ramroudi Associate Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol. Journal Article 2017 05 29 In this regard, an experiment was conducted in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University, during growing season of 2014, 2015 and 2016 years. Main plots consisted of irrigation with 30, 50, 70 and 90% of available water and subplots including plant nutrition with bioumik, nitroxin, mycorrhiza, and no fertilizer. Interaction of year, drought stress and fertilizer was significant for all studied traits. The highest plant height (37.75 cm), number of branches per plant (47.01), fresh and dry weight of herb (86.60 and 31.82 g.plant-1, respectively), foliage yield (1750 Kg.ha-1) and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus (13.35 and 0.742%) were belonged to treatment of irrigation with 90% available water and bioumik fertilizer in second year. The maximum potassium concentration (7.07%) and essential oil percentage (1.575%) and yield (31.22 and 1716.93 g.plant-1/Kg.ha-1) were obtained by irrigation with 30% available water and bioumik fertilizer in second year. Compounds of 1, 8 cineole, b-terpineol and limonene were the most important compounds of rosemary essential oil. Drought stress was caused changes and bio and nano bio-fertilizers were increased essential oil composition of rosemary. Bioumik than other fertilizers, amend better drought stress and improved the growth, foilage and essential oil yield and its compounds of rosemary. Thus, in order to achieve sustainable agriculture, it is recommended to improve agronomic and biochemical properties of rosemary. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University, during growing season of 2014, 2015 and 2016 years. Main plots consisted of irrigation with 30, 50, 70 and 90% of available water and subplots including plant nutrition with bioumik, nitroxin, mycorrhiza, and no fertilizer. Interaction of year, drought stress and fertilizer was significant for all studied traits. The highest plant height (37.75 cm), number of branches per plant (47.01), fresh and dry weight of herb (86.60 and 31.82 g.plant-1, respectively), foliage yield (1750 Kg.ha-1) and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus (13.35 and 0.742%) were belonged to treatment of irrigation with 90% available water and bioumik fertilizer in second year. The maximum potassium concentration (7.07%) and essential oil percentage (1.575%) and yield (31.22 and 1716.93 g.plant-1/Kg.ha-1) were obtained by irrigation with 30% available water and bioumik fertilizer in second year. Compounds of 1, 8 cineole, b-terpineol and limonene were the most important compounds of rosemary essential oil. Drought stress was caused changes and bio and nano bio-fertilizers were increased essential oil composition of rosemary. Bioumik than other fertilizers, amend better drought stress and improved the growth, foilage and essential oil yield and its compounds of rosemary. Thus, in order to achieve sustainable agriculture, it is recommended to improve agronomic and biochemical properties of rosemary.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70451_76d38aa88f8a943a758349ddf3b5cde9.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Genetic Diversity of Bread Wheat Cultivars Using SSR Marker and Relationship Analysis for Two Traits Prolin and Fructan under Spring Chilling Stress Genetic Diversity of Bread Wheat Cultivars Using SSR Marker and Relationship Analysis for Two Traits Prolin and Fructan under Spring Chilling Stress 86 96 70452 10.22059/ijfcs.2017.231050.654304 FA Solmaz Nadi Reza Gholi Mirfakhraii Tarbiat Modares University Mostafa Khodadadi null Journal Article 2017 04 12 In this study, the genetic diversity of 22 bread wheat cultivars was investigated through microsatellite markers and physiological traits under controlled condition. For this purpose an experiment was implemented via those varieties with four treated levels of cold stress (8 (control), +2, 0, -2 Celsius) in factorial arrangement in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). Results of variance analysis showed the effects of interaction between cultivars spring cold levels is signification at the 1% probability of error level. According the results of trait Proline content in -2ºC, The highest level of this trait belongs to Moqane2 and the Golestan was the lowest one. Fructan content, Also in this level of cold stress, showed Ohadi and Dez cultivars, respectively. To investigate the genetic diversity at the molecular level were used from 21 microsatellite primer pairs. The 11 pairs of them could show good polymorphism and totally identified 19 alleles. The mean number of produced alleles was 2.27 alleles per marker locus and the range of alleles at loci was 1 to 4. The polymorphic information contents (PIC) values of the loci had ranged from 0.09 t0 0.98 with average 0.62. Results of stepwise regression, shows the significant relationship 2 markers, Xgwm174 Proline-related traits in intense stress condition and Xgwm642 with fructan-related In terms of control. In this study, the genetic diversity of 22 bread wheat cultivars was investigated through microsatellite markers and physiological traits under controlled condition. For this purpose an experiment was implemented via those varieties with four treated levels of cold stress (8 (control), +2, 0, -2 Celsius) in factorial arrangement in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). Results of variance analysis showed the effects of interaction between cultivars spring cold levels is signification at the 1% probability of error level. According the results of trait Proline content in -2ºC, The highest level of this trait belongs to Moqane2 and the Golestan was the lowest one. Fructan content, Also in this level of cold stress, showed Ohadi and Dez cultivars, respectively. To investigate the genetic diversity at the molecular level were used from 21 microsatellite primer pairs. The 11 pairs of them could show good polymorphism and totally identified 19 alleles. The mean number of produced alleles was 2.27 alleles per marker locus and the range of alleles at loci was 1 to 4. The polymorphic information contents (PIC) values of the loci had ranged from 0.09 t0 0.98 with average 0.62. Results of stepwise regression, shows the significant relationship 2 markers, Xgwm174 Proline-related traits in intense stress condition and Xgwm642 with fructan-related In terms of control.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70452_537c85f1e97a1c0db57ca7115f2fd64c.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Effect of intercropping on water use efﬁciency, yield quantity and quality of millet and soybean in irrigation regimes Effect of intercropping on water use efﬁciency, yield quantity and quality of millet and soybean in irrigation regimes 97 113 70462 10.22059/ijfcs.2017.230808.654302 FA Goudarz Ahmadvand 0000-0003-4904-6694 Somayeh Hajinia PhD Student Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu Ali Sina, Iran 0000-0002-4971-6734 Journal Article 2017 04 08 To investigate the effects of intercropping on yield quantity and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in irrigation regimes, the experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University, 2015. The main factor included three levels of irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm cumulative evaporation from pan class A) and five levels of replacement intercropping consisted of monoculture of soybean, monoculture of millet, 67 % soybean+ 33 % millet (67Soybean:33Millet), 50 % soybean+ 50 % millet (50Soybean:50Millet) and 33 % soybean+ 67 % millet (33Soybean:67Millet) as subplot. The results showed that the highest grain phosphorus concentration of millet (0.35 percent) was obtained from (50Soybean:50Millet) ratio in irrigation regimes after 60 mm evaporation, and the lowest one (0.12 percent) was observed in monoculture of millet in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation. The highest grain phosphorus concentration (0.27 percent) of soybean was observed in (50Soybean:50Millet) ratio, that was 14.4 percent, higher than monoculture of soybean. Grain phosphorus and oil content reduced in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation were about 40.7 and 34.8 percent, respectively, compared to irrigation regimes after 60 mm evaporation. Intercropping increased protein content of millet. Intercropping increased the water use efﬁciency of soybean and millet. Maximum value of LER (1.14) was achieved in (50Soybean:50Millet) intercropping in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation. To investigate the effects of intercropping on yield quantity and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in irrigation regimes, the experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University, 2015. The main factor included three levels of irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm cumulative evaporation from pan class A) and five levels of replacement intercropping consisted of monoculture of soybean, monoculture of millet, 67 % soybean+ 33 % millet (67Soybean:33Millet), 50 % soybean+ 50 % millet (50Soybean:50Millet) and 33 % soybean+ 67 % millet (33Soybean:67Millet) as subplot. The results showed that the highest grain phosphorus concentration of millet (0.35 percent) was obtained from (50Soybean:50Millet) ratio in irrigation regimes after 60 mm evaporation, and the lowest one (0.12 percent) was observed in monoculture of millet in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation. The highest grain phosphorus concentration (0.27 percent) of soybean was observed in (50Soybean:50Millet) ratio, that was 14.4 percent, higher than monoculture of soybean. Grain phosphorus and oil content reduced in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation were about 40.7 and 34.8 percent, respectively, compared to irrigation regimes after 60 mm evaporation. Intercropping increased protein content of millet. Intercropping increased the water use efﬁciency of soybean and millet. Maximum value of LER (1.14) was achieved in (50Soybean:50Millet) intercropping in irrigation regimes after 120 mm evaporation.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70462_b14eef12b79c50b06ffe1af832812b42.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Effect of method, rate and time of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of winter safflower in Arak region Effect of method, rate and time of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of winter safflower in Arak region 115 123 71282 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.252414.654445 FA Mohammad Mirzakhani Corresponding 0000-0001-7247-4940 Journal Article 2018 02 17 In order determine the the effect of method, rate and time of nitrogen (N) application on yield and yield components of winter safflower in Arak, this study was carried out in growing season of 2011 at Research field of Payaam Nour Arak University, Markazi province, Arak, Iran. A factorial arrangement design was used in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments were time of N application [(half at planting date and half at rosette growing stage), (half at rosette growing stage and half at stem elongation growing stage ) and (half at stem elongation and half at capitalum stage), N rates (150 and 300 kg ha-1 as urea) and method of application (mixing with soil, applied in irrigation water and foliar application) were assigned in plots. The highest (1590 kg ha-1) and lowest (1037 kg ha-1) of seed yield obtained with application of half of urea at sowing time and the other half at rossete growing stage with 300 kg ha-1urea mixing with soil), and50% of urea at sowing time and half at rossete growing stage with 150 kg ha-1 of urea mixing with irrigation water), respectively. In order determine the the effect of method, rate and time of nitrogen (N) application on yield and yield components of winter safflower in Arak, this study was carried out in growing season of 2011 at Research field of Payaam Nour Arak University, Markazi province, Arak, Iran. A factorial arrangement design was used in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments were time of N application [(half at planting date and half at rosette growing stage), (half at rosette growing stage and half at stem elongation growing stage ) and (half at stem elongation and half at capitalum stage), N rates (150 and 300 kg ha-1 as urea) and method of application (mixing with soil, applied in irrigation water and foliar application) were assigned in plots. The highest (1590 kg ha-1) and lowest (1037 kg ha-1) of seed yield obtained with application of half of urea at sowing time and the other half at rossete growing stage with 300 kg ha-1urea mixing with soil), and50% of urea at sowing time and half at rossete growing stage with 150 kg ha-1 of urea mixing with irrigation water), respectively.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_71282_958fd3cb63b92567238e11c848b8fee7.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Trends in main agronomic traits and grain yield in wheat landraces and cultivars during the last decades in Iran Trends in main agronomic traits and grain yield in wheat landraces and cultivars during the last decades in Iran 125 136 70466 10.22059/ijfcs.2017.202331.654059 FA Hadi Ali Pour Urmia University 0000-0003-0086-002X Mohammad Reza Bihamta University of Tehran 0000-0003-0614-0963 Valiollah Mohammadi University of Tehran 0000-0001-6487-0740 Seyed Ali Peyghmbari University of Tehran Journal Article 2016 03 05 It is of great importance in breeding strategies to know the relationship between grain yield and main agronomic traits and understand the trend of changes in traits during breeding history. To meet these objectives, 313 Iranian wheat genotypes including 203 Iranian landraces and 110 Iranian cultivars were planted in an augmented design along with three check cultivars repeated in seven blocks in 2014 on the research field of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran. In order to increase accuracy and decrease environmental variation, the experiment has been replicated in three different location. Linear regression analysis between investigated characteristics and year of cultivar release and year of collection of landraces showed that the grain yield and thousand grain weight were significantly increased in both cultivars and landraces while spike weight was only significantly increased in the cultivars. Plant height and spike length were significantly decreased only in the cultivars during 74 years of breeding programs. No significant changes, however, was observed in the landraces. Although the number of grain/spike was known as the most important and effective traits on grain yield based on the results of correlation and path analyses, there was no any significant change for this trait during breeding programs. Since there were high phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation for this trait, it could be one the most important traits in future breeding programs. It is of great importance in breeding strategies to know the relationship between grain yield and main agronomic traits and understand the trend of changes in traits during breeding history. To meet these objectives, 313 Iranian wheat genotypes including 203 Iranian landraces and 110 Iranian cultivars were planted in an augmented design along with three check cultivars repeated in seven blocks in 2014 on the research field of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran. In order to increase accuracy and decrease environmental variation, the experiment has been replicated in three different location. Linear regression analysis between investigated characteristics and year of cultivar release and year of collection of landraces showed that the grain yield and thousand grain weight were significantly increased in both cultivars and landraces while spike weight was only significantly increased in the cultivars. Plant height and spike length were significantly decreased only in the cultivars during 74 years of breeding programs. No significant changes, however, was observed in the landraces. Although the number of grain/spike was known as the most important and effective traits on grain yield based on the results of correlation and path analyses, there was no any significant change for this trait during breeding programs. Since there were high phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation for this trait, it could be one the most important traits in future breeding programs.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70466_5f0d385aba64411a2180ec1cb4898a6d.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 The effect of methanol foliar application on yield and morphological characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum.L). The effect of methanol foliar application on yield and morphological characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum.L). 137 149 70468 10.22059/ijfcs.2017.239945.654368 FA Hamid Moghbeli shahrood university 0000-0003-2767-5115 Ahmad Gholami Associate Professor, Shahrood University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Mohamadreza Amerian Associate Professor, Shahrood University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 0000-0001-9840-0747 Hamid Abbasdokht Associate Professor, Shahrood University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Journal Article 2017 08 20 Abstract: In order to evaluate the effects of methanol concentration (0,20-40, 60% v/v) and methanol spraying time (before and after flowering) on yield and some morphological characteristics of sesame, a field experiment was performed at the research farm of Jiroft University in 2016. The trials arranged in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Based on results, Methanol concentration had significant effects on all studied characteristics in experiment, so that the highest and lowest mean value was related to the 40% methanol concentration and control respectively. Methanol spraying time significantly influenced on stem diameter, seed number, harvest index and 1000 seed weight so that the highest and lowest mean was obtained at before and after flowering respectively. The interaction of methanol concentration and methanol spraying time were significant on leaf area index, leaf number, length branches, number of lateral branches, number of capsules, seed number, plant height, shoot dry weight and seed yield. The best treatment in this study was a foliar application with 40% methanol concentration in the pre-flowering stage. According to the results, it can be concluded that the use of methanol could greatly improve the yield, and morphological characteristics of sesame. Abstract: In order to evaluate the effects of methanol concentration (0,20-40, 60% v/v) and methanol spraying time (before and after flowering) on yield and some morphological characteristics of sesame, a field experiment was performed at the research farm of Jiroft University in 2016. The trials arranged in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Based on results, Methanol concentration had significant effects on all studied characteristics in experiment, so that the highest and lowest mean value was related to the 40% methanol concentration and control respectively. Methanol spraying time significantly influenced on stem diameter, seed number, harvest index and 1000 seed weight so that the highest and lowest mean was obtained at before and after flowering respectively. The interaction of methanol concentration and methanol spraying time were significant on leaf area index, leaf number, length branches, number of lateral branches, number of capsules, seed number, plant height, shoot dry weight and seed yield. The best treatment in this study was a foliar application with 40% methanol concentration in the pre-flowering stage. According to the results, it can be concluded that the use of methanol could greatly improve the yield, and morphological characteristics of sesame.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70468_74335ffa745c4b7cafc77a5e6e43f2d0.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Analysis of the stability of housekeeping genes expression for studying gene expression in rice using by Real-time PCR Analysis of the stability of housekeeping genes expression for studying gene expression in rice using by Real-time PCR 151 160 70485 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.232809.654314 FA Mohammad Reza Amerian academic staff 0000-0001-9840-0747 Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli Ph.D student Journal Article 2017 05 07 A significant progress has been made in the expression profiling of living organism with invention of real time PCR, because this method is one of the suitable methods for evaluating the expression of genes. In this method, it is crucial to control the error observed between samples. Normalization with a house keeping gene is widely utilized to check the errors observed among samples in this method. In the current study, we evaluated expression patterns of 10 housekeeping genes under salinity stresses. We treated the eight- week old plants under salinity stress at concentrations of 0 and 300 Mm. Samples of leaves and roots were collected from the treated plants at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hour post treatment. Expression analysis of the obtained data was performed via geNorm software and it was shown that the eIF-4a as well as ACT7 genes in the root tissues and GAPDH and ACT11 in the leaf tissues was constitutively expressed. Based on the results gained from the analysis trough Best Keeper, the eIF-4a gene (in root) and UBQ10 and eIF-4a (in leaf) showed the highest correlation with the index of Best keeper. Thus, we concluded that the eIF-4a, ACT7, GAPDH, UBQ10 and ACT11 genes could be considered as suitable housekeeping genes to be used in the normalization of the derived from Rice. A significant progress has been made in the expression profiling of living organism with invention of real time PCR, because this method is one of the suitable methods for evaluating the expression of genes. In this method, it is crucial to control the error observed between samples. Normalization with a house keeping gene is widely utilized to check the errors observed among samples in this method. In the current study, we evaluated expression patterns of 10 housekeeping genes under salinity stresses. We treated the eight- week old plants under salinity stress at concentrations of 0 and 300 Mm. Samples of leaves and roots were collected from the treated plants at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hour post treatment. Expression analysis of the obtained data was performed via geNorm software and it was shown that the eIF-4a as well as ACT7 genes in the root tissues and GAPDH and ACT11 in the leaf tissues was constitutively expressed. Based on the results gained from the analysis trough Best Keeper, the eIF-4a gene (in root) and UBQ10 and eIF-4a (in leaf) showed the highest correlation with the index of Best keeper. Thus, we concluded that the eIF-4a, ACT7, GAPDH, UBQ10 and ACT11 genes could be considered as suitable housekeeping genes to be used in the normalization of the derived from Rice.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70485_bdee091dc9de4f69e243b04eea392406.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Study of yield stability of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) promising lines Study of yield stability of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) promising lines 161 173 70632 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.248607.654426 FA Reza Ataei Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education &amp; Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran 0000-0002-6320-0662 Ali Moghaddam Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Ali Azari- Nasrabad Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, South Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Birjand, Iran. Khalil Chabok Research Associate, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran. Alireza Saberi Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran. 0000-0001-9306-9557 Behnam Zand Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Varamin, Iran. Sayyed Ali Tabatabaei Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran. Khaled Miri Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Baluchestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranshahr, Iran. Vahid Rahjoo Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Mohammad Razmi- Charmkhoran Research assistant, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Journal Article 2017 12 26 In order to stablity analysis of foxtail millet, six foxtail millet genotypes (five new genotyps and Bastan as control) were cultivated in six locations (Karaj, Gonbad, Varamin, Yazd, Sari and Birjand) across two years in a randomized complete block design with four replications. the results of combined analysis for studied traits (number of tillers, number of leaves, days to flowering, height, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield and seed yield) showed that the cultivars and environments main effects and intraction between cultivars and environments were statistically significant. all of the studied genotypes except G4 had forage yield higher than Bastan (control). the total mean (fresh forage yield) was 24.76 t/ha and the average of all cultivars except G3 and G5 was lower than total mean. the results of the stability analysis by differnrt methods showed that G5 was high yield and stable genotype in the studied environments. spearman's rank correlation between forage yield and stabilty parameters showed strong negative correlation between forage yield and superiority index (Pi) and ranking (Si). these results indicated thet use of Pi and S1 for simultanious selection of stable and high yielding foxtail millet genotypes would be efficent. reggersion deviation, Wricke oekovalenz and Shukla stability variance are equivalent in ranking genotypes for stability and could be substituted with each other in breeding programs. in conclusion, the results showed that G5 had high yield and good stability to all environments and could be introduced as a new cultivar. In order to stablity analysis of foxtail millet, six foxtail millet genotypes (five new genotyps and Bastan as control) were cultivated in six locations (Karaj, Gonbad, Varamin, Yazd, Sari and Birjand) across two years in a randomized complete block design with four replications. the results of combined analysis for studied traits (number of tillers, number of leaves, days to flowering, height, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield and seed yield) showed that the cultivars and environments main effects and intraction between cultivars and environments were statistically significant. all of the studied genotypes except G4 had forage yield higher than Bastan (control). the total mean (fresh forage yield) was 24.76 t/ha and the average of all cultivars except G3 and G5 was lower than total mean. the results of the stability analysis by differnrt methods showed that G5 was high yield and stable genotype in the studied environments. spearman's rank correlation between forage yield and stabilty parameters showed strong negative correlation between forage yield and superiority index (Pi) and ranking (Si). these results indicated thet use of Pi and S1 for simultanious selection of stable and high yielding foxtail millet genotypes would be efficent. reggersion deviation, Wricke oekovalenz and Shukla stability variance are equivalent in ranking genotypes for stability and could be substituted with each other in breeding programs. in conclusion, the results showed that G5 had high yield and good stability to all environments and could be introduced as a new cultivar.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70632_51161c2386e85cdfb5e19f0e5d7939b2.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Effect of drought stress, chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers on morphological traits, flower and essential oil yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Effect of drought stress, chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers on morphological traits, flower and essential oil yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) 175 184 70633 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.249116.654428 FA Mahsomeh Khatami Agronomy,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol MOHAMMAD GALAVI Faculty member at the University of Zabol Journal Article 2018 01 07 In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress, chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers on morphological traits, flower and essential oil yield of chamomile, an experiment was conducted in Zabol University Research Field, during 2016. The experiment was done as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were drought stress including; irrigation after 90, 70 and 50 % of field capacity (FC) depletion and the sub plots were phosphorus fertilizers including; non fertilizer, 100 % chemical phosphorus, combined of 50 % of phosphate fertilizer + biofertilizers (Phosphate B-2), biological fertilizer (Phosphate B-2). The results showed that plant height, stem and head diameter were affected by drought stress and fertilizer. By increasing the stress intensity from 90 (control) to 50% of FC plant height, stem and head diameter was reduced and application of 50 % from chemical and biological fertilizers showed the most influence. Interaction between drought stress and fertilizer on number of main stem, number of flower per plant, dry weight of plant, flower and essential oil yield were significantly affected. The highest number of main stem, number of flower per plant, dry weight of plant, flower and essential oil yield was obtained from non-stress with chemical and biological phosphorus combination. Based on the results, in order to improve the morphological traits, flower and essential oil yield of chamomile the combined application of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers with conventional irrigation will be appropriate. In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress, chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers on morphological traits, flower and essential oil yield of chamomile, an experiment was conducted in Zabol University Research Field, during 2016. The experiment was done as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were drought stress including; irrigation after 90, 70 and 50 % of field capacity (FC) depletion and the sub plots were phosphorus fertilizers including; non fertilizer, 100 % chemical phosphorus, combined of 50 % of phosphate fertilizer + biofertilizers (Phosphate B-2), biological fertilizer (Phosphate B-2). The results showed that plant height, stem and head diameter were affected by drought stress and fertilizer. By increasing the stress intensity from 90 (control) to 50% of FC plant height, stem and head diameter was reduced and application of 50 % from chemical and biological fertilizers showed the most influence. Interaction between drought stress and fertilizer on number of main stem, number of flower per plant, dry weight of plant, flower and essential oil yield were significantly affected. The highest number of main stem, number of flower per plant, dry weight of plant, flower and essential oil yield was obtained from non-stress with chemical and biological phosphorus combination. Based on the results, in order to improve the morphological traits, flower and essential oil yield of chamomile the combined application of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers with conventional irrigation will be appropriate.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70633_dad3125a1f906d69e3f0df58fab41ae3.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Association between grain yield and dry matter accumulation in Iranian wheat cultivars grown in Moghan region Association between grain yield and dry matter accumulation in Iranian wheat cultivars grown in Moghan region 185 194 70635 10.22059/ijfcs.2017.228993.654290 FA Journal Article 2017 03 03 The aim of this research was to study the association between dry matter accumulation (biological yield) and grain yield in Iranian wheat cultivars. The experiment was performed at Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources research farm during 2010-2011 growing season. The plant materials (81 wheat cultivars) were evaluated using a simple lattice design with two replications under well-watered condition. Generally, modern wheat cultivars showed high values of grain yield when they compared with the old ones. This trend was also observed in the cases of harvest index (HI) and grain number per square meter. There were no significant differences in biological yield and thousand grain weight between old and new cultivars. Analysis of correlation showed significant and positive association between grain yield and biological yield which is not consistent with the lack of consistent increases in biological yield through breeding activity in the past. Is seems that modern wheat cultivars have lower amount of pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation than the old cultivars. But, they produce more photoassimilates after anthesis because of increased grain number. Therefore, albeit not significant increases in biological yield through breeding, the grain yield correlated positively with biological yield. The aim of this research was to study the association between dry matter accumulation (biological yield) and grain yield in Iranian wheat cultivars. The experiment was performed at Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources research farm during 2010-2011 growing season. The plant materials (81 wheat cultivars) were evaluated using a simple lattice design with two replications under well-watered condition. Generally, modern wheat cultivars showed high values of grain yield when they compared with the old ones. This trend was also observed in the cases of harvest index (HI) and grain number per square meter. There were no significant differences in biological yield and thousand grain weight between old and new cultivars. Analysis of correlation showed significant and positive association between grain yield and biological yield which is not consistent with the lack of consistent increases in biological yield through breeding activity in the past. Is seems that modern wheat cultivars have lower amount of pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation than the old cultivars. But, they produce more photoassimilates after anthesis because of increased grain number. Therefore, albeit not significant increases in biological yield through breeding, the grain yield correlated positively with biological yield.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70635_89abb598553e505568a60908173d5b8f.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 49 4 2019 02 20 Survey of salicylic acid effect on herbicide efficiency in control of corn field weeds Survey of salicylic acid effect on herbicide efficiency in control of corn field weeds 195 210 70792 10.22059/ijfcs.2017.225098.654247 FA Soheila Porheidar Ghafarbi University of Tehran, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breading Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breading, University of Tehran, Karaj - Iran Hassan Alizade Department of Agronomy and Plant Breading, University of Tehran, Karaj - Iran 0000-0002-5685-6567 Sirous Hassannejad University of Tabriz, Africultural Faculty, Department of Eco-Physiology Journal Article 2017 01 15 In order to assess the effects salicylic acid (SA) on corn, weeds, and some herbicide efficiency, a factorial experiment with two factor as randomized complete block (RCB) designed with three replications was conducted research field of university of Tabriz- Iran in 2015. The first factor 10 levels including 8 herbicide treatments (Bentason, Nicosulfuron, 2,4-D + MCPA, Bromoxynil + MCPA, Rimsulfuron, Nicosulfuron + Rimsulfuron, Mesotrion + S-metolacholor + Terbuthlazine, Udosulfuron + Foramsulfuron + Tincarbason), and 2 controls treatments (weed free and weed infest), and the second factor was SA with 2 levels (0 (distilled water), and 1 mM SA). Results show that SA can increase corn leaf area, and dry weight of leaf and stem. This increase was outstanding in herbicides that could successfully control weeds. SA in weed infested treatment, increased common lambesquraters (Chenopodium album L.) density and dry weight, as the main weed species observed in the field. So in presence of weeds, SA is more benefit for weeds. Nicosulfuron was weak in weed control, and SA application increased weeds density and dry weights. Bromoxynil + MCPA, Mesotrion + S-metolacholor + Terbuthlazine, and 2,4-D + MCPA were successful herbicides in reduction weeds density and dry weight, and their efficiency was not reduced in presence of SA. Therefore, in herbicide treatments with weak efficiency in weed control, usage of SA is more benefit for weeds. According to obtained results, applying SA is not recommended with weak efficiency herbicides in weed control. In order to assess the effects salicylic acid (SA) on corn, weeds, and some herbicide efficiency, a factorial experiment with two factor as randomized complete block (RCB) designed with three replications was conducted research field of university of Tabriz- Iran in 2015. The first factor 10 levels including 8 herbicide treatments (Bentason, Nicosulfuron, 2,4-D + MCPA, Bromoxynil + MCPA, Rimsulfuron, Nicosulfuron + Rimsulfuron, Mesotrion + S-metolacholor + Terbuthlazine, Udosulfuron + Foramsulfuron + Tincarbason), and 2 controls treatments (weed free and weed infest), and the second factor was SA with 2 levels (0 (distilled water), and 1 mM SA). Results show that SA can increase corn leaf area, and dry weight of leaf and stem. This increase was outstanding in herbicides that could successfully control weeds. SA in weed infested treatment, increased common lambesquraters (Chenopodium album L.) density and dry weight, as the main weed species observed in the field. So in presence of weeds, SA is more benefit for weeds. Nicosulfuron was weak in weed control, and SA application increased weeds density and dry weights. Bromoxynil + MCPA, Mesotrion + S-metolacholor + Terbuthlazine, and 2,4-D + MCPA were successful herbicides in reduction weeds density and dry weight, and their efficiency was not reduced in presence of SA. Therefore, in herbicide treatments with weak efficiency in weed control, usage of SA is more benefit for weeds. According to obtained results, applying SA is not recommended with weak efficiency herbicides in weed control.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_70792_3e8ba22393df2c631be9faa680796f42.pdf