Univrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Genetic Assessments of Some Morphological Traits in Rice by Generation Mean AnalysisGenetic Assessments of Some Morphological Traits in Rice by Generation Mean Analysis11322471FAPeymanSharifiHamidDehghaniAliMo'ameniMohammadMoghaddamJournal Article19700101To study the nature and magnitude of gene effects, heritability and number of effective factors for grain yield and some yield components in rice, six generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were prepared from the crosses of Shapasand × IRFAON-215 and IRFAON-215 × Saleh and grown in a randomized complete design with three replications. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences between generations for all traits. Significant heterosis was observed for grain yield, plant height, and panicle length and 100-grain weight. Additive (a) gene actions were important in controlling of grain width, length and shape in the first cross (SH × IR) and grain length in the second cross (IR × SA). 100-grain weight, plant height and grain yield in the first cross and grain width and shape, 100-grain weight, days to flowering and grain yield in the second cross were influenced by dominance (d) gene actions and epistatic effects. Degree of dominance revealed over-dominance for grain length and shape, 100-grain weight and grain yield in SH × IR and for grain shape and 100-grain weight in IR × SA. For the rest of traits partial dominance was revealed. For yield and those yield components that were influenced by non-additive gene action, exploiting of heterosis are suggested for improving rice yield using breeding materials of this research.To study the nature and magnitude of gene effects, heritability and number of effective factors for grain yield and some yield components in rice, six generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were prepared from the crosses of Shapasand × IRFAON-215 and IRFAON-215 × Saleh and grown in a randomized complete design with three replications. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences between generations for all traits. Significant heterosis was observed for grain yield, plant height, and panicle length and 100-grain weight. Additive (a) gene actions were important in controlling of grain width, length and shape in the first cross (SH × IR) and grain length in the second cross (IR × SA). 100-grain weight, plant height and grain yield in the first cross and grain width and shape, 100-grain weight, days to flowering and grain yield in the second cross were influenced by dominance (d) gene actions and epistatic effects. Degree of dominance revealed over-dominance for grain length and shape, 100-grain weight and grain yield in SH × IR and for grain shape and 100-grain weight in IR × SA. For the rest of traits partial dominance was revealed. For yield and those yield components that were influenced by non-additive gene action, exploiting of heterosis are suggested for improving rice yield using breeding materials of this research.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22471_0796fa3f3b5a39419bcaeb0d33348985.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Identification of High Molecular Weight Proteins in Aegilops crassa from IranIdentification of High Molecular Weight Proteins in Aegilops crassa from Iran152222472FAMahsaBamneshinMohammadrezaNaghaviMohammad JafarAghaeiAlirezaTaleiMohammad EsmaeilHassaniJournal Article19700101In this study, 120 Aegilops crassa (MMDD genome) accessions from Iran were evaluated for high molecular weight proteins. Based on SDS-page analysis, 17 bands were selected and mass spectrometry was used for protein identification. Among 17 bands selected for MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS analyzing, only 4 bands were identified as high molecular weight glutenin subunit similar to Aegilops ventricosa and Triticum aestivum with high probability. Moreove, 2 bands as beta-amylase similar to Hordeum vulgare were detected and 11 of them had no MS/MS data. The results showed that the Iranian accessions of Aegilops crassa have favorable glutenin subunits that are useful in improving bread wheat quality.In this study, 120 Aegilops crassa (MMDD genome) accessions from Iran were evaluated for high molecular weight proteins. Based on SDS-page analysis, 17 bands were selected and mass spectrometry was used for protein identification. Among 17 bands selected for MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS analyzing, only 4 bands were identified as high molecular weight glutenin subunit similar to Aegilops ventricosa and Triticum aestivum with high probability. Moreove, 2 bands as beta-amylase similar to Hordeum vulgare were detected and 11 of them had no MS/MS data. The results showed that the Iranian accessions of Aegilops crassa have favorable glutenin subunits that are useful in improving bread wheat quality.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22472_4e90dcd0ae4e5622d40f9ea857749814.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Investigating Univariate and Multivariate Stability Parameters of Barley (Hordeum voulgare L.) Promising Genotypes in Cold Climate of IranInvestigating Univariate and Multivariate Stability Parameters of Barley (Hordeum voulgare L.) Promising Genotypes in Cold Climate of Iran233222473FAOmid AliAkbarpourHamidDehghaniBehzadSorkhi Laleh LouJournal Article19700101In order to study the response of barley lines to different environmental conditions and evaluate the stability of grain yield, 20 promising barley lines were tested bsed on randomized complete block design with 3 replications, at 8 research stations during two years in Iran (2006-2008). Five stability parameters of AMMI model and the univariate parameter indices contain Shukla and Bajpai were used to introduce the stable genotypes. For displaying biplot and classifying rank of parameters, a principal components analysis was used. By applying these parameters three genotypes showed a high general adaptation to all environments. One genotype was known as the unstable genotype in all environments. A high correlation was detected among the stability parameter ranks. Also the specific stability of genotypes was investigated by displaying the first two components of AMMI biplot. Two genotypes showed high specific stability to Karaj and Mashhad locations. One genotype showed the specific stability to Jolgherokh and Arak locations. In general, by estimated parameters one genotype was recognized as the most stable genotype in all environments.In order to study the response of barley lines to different environmental conditions and evaluate the stability of grain yield, 20 promising barley lines were tested bsed on randomized complete block design with 3 replications, at 8 research stations during two years in Iran (2006-2008). Five stability parameters of AMMI model and the univariate parameter indices contain Shukla and Bajpai were used to introduce the stable genotypes. For displaying biplot and classifying rank of parameters, a principal components analysis was used. By applying these parameters three genotypes showed a high general adaptation to all environments. One genotype was known as the unstable genotype in all environments. A high correlation was detected among the stability parameter ranks. Also the specific stability of genotypes was investigated by displaying the first two components of AMMI biplot. Two genotypes showed high specific stability to Karaj and Mashhad locations. One genotype showed the specific stability to Jolgherokh and Arak locations. In general, by estimated parameters one genotype was recognized as the most stable genotype in all environments.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22473_ce0b2dc7bcb98245b7c2a286e4a0996b.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Effect of Plant Density on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Two Lentil Cultivars (Lens culinaris Medik.)Effect of Plant Density on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Two Lentil Cultivars (Lens culinaris Medik.)334022474FAFatemehMalek MalekiNaserMajnoun HosseiniHassanAlizadeJournal Article19700101To study the effect of plant density on seed yield and yield components of two lentil cultivars a field experiment using factorial design based on a complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran (Karaj) in 2008. Treatments were lentil varieties (Ziba, Mardom), and plant densities (80, 160, 240, 320 plants m-2). Results showed that the lentil varieties differed significantly in some agronomic traits such as plant height, branches number & 100-seed weight, but were non-significant for seed yield. With increasing plant density per unit area the plant height, biological and seed yield increased, but the branches number, pod per plant and harvest index decreased. These results indicated that plant density could increase lentil seed yield to certain extent; however beyond the optimal plant density yield reduction would occur through decreasing yield components such as branches number, pod per plant, 100-seed weight and harvest index. The lentil cultivars response to plant density showed the maximum seed and biological yields at 160 and 240 plants m-2, respectively. Correspondingly positive and significant relationships were observed between pod per plant, biological yield, harvest index and seeds per pod with seed yield.To study the effect of plant density on seed yield and yield components of two lentil cultivars a field experiment using factorial design based on a complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of college of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran (Karaj) in 2008. Treatments were lentil varieties (Ziba, Mardom), and plant densities (80, 160, 240, 320 plants m-2). Results showed that the lentil varieties differed significantly in some agronomic traits such as plant height, branches number & 100-seed weight, but were non-significant for seed yield. With increasing plant density per unit area the plant height, biological and seed yield increased, but the branches number, pod per plant and harvest index decreased. These results indicated that plant density could increase lentil seed yield to certain extent; however beyond the optimal plant density yield reduction would occur through decreasing yield components such as branches number, pod per plant, 100-seed weight and harvest index. The lentil cultivars response to plant density showed the maximum seed and biological yields at 160 and 240 plants m-2, respectively. Correspondingly positive and significant relationships were observed between pod per plant, biological yield, harvest index and seeds per pod with seed yield.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22474_95f4ce98fc6cdb43a7d54e43b1877dcf.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Gene Action and Combining Ability of Important Agronomic Traits in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)Gene Action and Combining Ability of Important Agronomic Traits in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)415222475FAValiolahMohammadiAzamArabnejadHassanZeynaliAbdolhadiHosseinzadeHassanAmiri OghanJournal Article19700101Inheritance of yield and its contributing characters in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was studied in a 8×8 diallel cross through Griffing and Jinks-Hayman analyses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for seed yield, seed weight and branches per plant, while only GCA for seeds per pod and oil content and only SCA for pods per plant and days to maturity were significant. Both Griffing and Jinks-Hayman analyses showed that seed yield, seed weight and branches per plant were genetically controlled by both additive and non-additive gene actions. Overdominance gene action was observed for seed yield and its increasing was controlled by dominant alleles. Additive gene action was important for seeds per pod and oil content, while pods per plant and days to maturity were governed by non-additive gene action. Relatively high narrow-sense heritabilities were estimated for seeds per pod and seed weight indicating that a considerable selection response is expected for these characters in breeding programs. The results suggested that RGS003 with the highest GCA for seed yield could be used as a tester in topcross trials and 19H×Option500 with the highest SCA and heterobeltiosis could be applied in hybrid breeding.Inheritance of yield and its contributing characters in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was studied in a 8×8 diallel cross through Griffing and Jinks-Hayman analyses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for seed yield, seed weight and branches per plant, while only GCA for seeds per pod and oil content and only SCA for pods per plant and days to maturity were significant. Both Griffing and Jinks-Hayman analyses showed that seed yield, seed weight and branches per plant were genetically controlled by both additive and non-additive gene actions. Overdominance gene action was observed for seed yield and its increasing was controlled by dominant alleles. Additive gene action was important for seeds per pod and oil content, while pods per plant and days to maturity were governed by non-additive gene action. Relatively high narrow-sense heritabilities were estimated for seeds per pod and seed weight indicating that a considerable selection response is expected for these characters in breeding programs. The results suggested that RGS003 with the highest GCA for seed yield could be used as a tester in topcross trials and 19H×Option500 with the highest SCA and heterobeltiosis could be applied in hybrid breeding.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22475_3d7d1c2d9034ff571fad5c734424d377.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Transformation of Canola (R line Hyola 308) by pgip1 Gene from Bean cv. Daneshjoo to Improve Resistance to Sclerotina sclerotiorumTransformation of Canola (R line Hyola 308) by pgip1 Gene from Bean cv. Daneshjoo to Improve Resistance to Sclerotina sclerotiorum536122476FAAliAbediMostafaMotalebiMohammadrezaZamaniKhosroPiriJournal Article19700101During plant infection, fungal pathogens secret polygalacturonase (PG) that are capable of degrading cell wall of susceptible plant tissues. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are able to specifically inhibit fungal polygalacturonases (PGs) activity. The inhibition of fungal PGs by PGIPs suggests that PGIPs have a role in plant tolerance to fungal infections. In this study bean (Daneshjoo cultivar) pgip1 gene was overexpressed under the control of the CaMV 35S constitutive promoter in Brassica napus, R line Hyola 308. Transformation of cotyledonary petioles was achieved via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. After infection with Agrobacterium, the explants were transferred to selected regeneration medium. The transformed explants were screened in kanamycin containing media. The explants were excised and rooted using appropriate growth regulator. Putative transgenic lines obtained from independent transformation events transferred to the greenhouse for hardening. The presence of pgip1 in putative transgenic lines confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Also, the results of bioassay demonstrated that the lesion sizes occurred on leaves of transgenic canola by Sclerotina sclerotiorum (causal agent of canola stem rot) were significantly retarded in compared to non transgenic canola plant using leaf detached assay.During plant infection, fungal pathogens secret polygalacturonase (PG) that are capable of degrading cell wall of susceptible plant tissues. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are able to specifically inhibit fungal polygalacturonases (PGs) activity. The inhibition of fungal PGs by PGIPs suggests that PGIPs have a role in plant tolerance to fungal infections. In this study bean (Daneshjoo cultivar) pgip1 gene was overexpressed under the control of the CaMV 35S constitutive promoter in Brassica napus, R line Hyola 308. Transformation of cotyledonary petioles was achieved via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. After infection with Agrobacterium, the explants were transferred to selected regeneration medium. The transformed explants were screened in kanamycin containing media. The explants were excised and rooted using appropriate growth regulator. Putative transgenic lines obtained from independent transformation events transferred to the greenhouse for hardening. The presence of pgip1 in putative transgenic lines confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Also, the results of bioassay demonstrated that the lesion sizes occurred on leaves of transgenic canola by Sclerotina sclerotiorum (causal agent of canola stem rot) were significantly retarded in compared to non transgenic canola plant using leaf detached assay.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22476_66b05764b391185ac109e02e8f5cb607.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity and Leaching Fraction on Soil Chemical Characteristic, Grain Yield, Yield Components and Cation Accumulation in Safflower in EsfehanEffects of Irrigation Water Salinity and Leaching Fraction on Soil Chemical Characteristic, Grain Yield, Yield Components and Cation Accumulation in Safflower in Esfehan637022477FAElaheKamaliZamanShahmohammadi HeydariMostafaHeydariMohammadFeyziJournal Article19700101In order to study the effects of irrigation water salinity and leaching fraction on soil chemical characteristic, grain yield, yield components and sodium and potassium contents in leaves of safflower, an experiment was coducted in a split plot design with four replications in 2009 at Roudasht, Isfahan. Treatments included three irrigation water salinities of Q1=3.35, Q2=8.77 and Q3=11.21 dS/m in main plot and two leaching levels, LR0=without leaching and LR1= leaching fraction based on 75% grain yield of safflower in sub plot. Results showed that by using leaching fration, SAR value and the amount of sodium ions reduced, especially at the 30 cm soil depth. Reduction in sodium content in the depth of 0-30 for 3.35 and 8.77 dS/m were 2.9 and 11.1%, respectively. Salinity significantly reduced grain yield of safflower and with rising salinity levels from 3.35 to 11.21 dS/ m, grain yield declined about 67.4%. The main effect of salinity on yield components was found on the biomass production which was reduced by 71% at 11.21 dS/m compared to 3.35 dS/m. This ultimately reduced the percentage of harvest index. Although using leaching fraction increased grain yield of safflower but interaction of salinity and leaching had significantly decreased harvest index and biomass production, but did not have significant effects on grain yield and other yield components. In this study, salinity significantly affect absorption of sodium and potassium. At 11.21 ds/m the amount of absorption of potassium 28.2% decreased and 63.5% of sodium absorption in safflower leaves was increased. The leaching treatment and interaction between salinity and leaching did not have significant effect on the absorption of these two elements.In order to study the effects of irrigation water salinity and leaching fraction on soil chemical characteristic, grain yield, yield components and sodium and potassium contents in leaves of safflower, an experiment was coducted in a split plot design with four replications in 2009 at Roudasht, Isfahan. Treatments included three irrigation water salinities of Q1=3.35, Q2=8.77 and Q3=11.21 dS/m in main plot and two leaching levels, LR0=without leaching and LR1= leaching fraction based on 75% grain yield of safflower in sub plot. Results showed that by using leaching fration, SAR value and the amount of sodium ions reduced, especially at the 30 cm soil depth. Reduction in sodium content in the depth of 0-30 for 3.35 and 8.77 dS/m were 2.9 and 11.1%, respectively. Salinity significantly reduced grain yield of safflower and with rising salinity levels from 3.35 to 11.21 dS/ m, grain yield declined about 67.4%. The main effect of salinity on yield components was found on the biomass production which was reduced by 71% at 11.21 dS/m compared to 3.35 dS/m. This ultimately reduced the percentage of harvest index. Although using leaching fraction increased grain yield of safflower but interaction of salinity and leaching had significantly decreased harvest index and biomass production, but did not have significant effects on grain yield and other yield components. In this study, salinity significantly affect absorption of sodium and potassium. At 11.21 ds/m the amount of absorption of potassium 28.2% decreased and 63.5% of sodium absorption in safflower leaves was increased. The leaching treatment and interaction between salinity and leaching did not have significant effect on the absorption of these two elements.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22477_c745a2ef51b904a5a60d806af1b89fff.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Effects of Drought Stress and Planting Dates on Seedling Emergence, Plant Growth and Seed Vigour of Produced Seeds in Canola (Brassica napus) CultivarsEffects of Drought Stress and Planting Dates on Seedling Emergence, Plant Growth and Seed Vigour of Produced Seeds in Canola (Brassica napus) Cultivars718022478FAHengameAtarodiHamidIrannejadAmirhosseinShiraniradRezaAmiriGholamabbasAkbariJournal Article19700101This research was conducted to evaluate the role of drought stress and planting dates on seeds vigour and seedling growth of produced seeds. The experiment was performed in the Research Field and Seed Technology Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Aboureyhan in Pakdasht in spring 2008. Five canola cultivars including Licord, Opera, Modena, Elite, Sarigol (in subplots), 2 planting dates including first half of October and first half of November (main plots) and 2 levels of irrigation including normal irrigation and drought stress from stem elongation stage (main plots) which all materials were produced in previous year were used as treatments. Time to 50% of seedling emergence and mean daily of seedling emergence were measured. In laboratory, standard germination test was conducted and final germination percentage and germination speed were measured. Based on analysis of variance planting date and drought stress had no significant effect on measured characteristics. Our results indicated that there is no correlation between final percentage of seedling emergence and standard germination test. Therefore, standard germination test can not be used for predication of final emergence percentage in the field. Based on the laboratory results, the cultivar Sarigol due to higher final germination percentage, mean daily germination and lower daily germination speed had higher seed quality.This research was conducted to evaluate the role of drought stress and planting dates on seeds vigour and seedling growth of produced seeds. The experiment was performed in the Research Field and Seed Technology Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Aboureyhan in Pakdasht in spring 2008. Five canola cultivars including Licord, Opera, Modena, Elite, Sarigol (in subplots), 2 planting dates including first half of October and first half of November (main plots) and 2 levels of irrigation including normal irrigation and drought stress from stem elongation stage (main plots) which all materials were produced in previous year were used as treatments. Time to 50% of seedling emergence and mean daily of seedling emergence were measured. In laboratory, standard germination test was conducted and final germination percentage and germination speed were measured. Based on analysis of variance planting date and drought stress had no significant effect on measured characteristics. Our results indicated that there is no correlation between final percentage of seedling emergence and standard germination test. Therefore, standard germination test can not be used for predication of final emergence percentage in the field. Based on the laboratory results, the cultivar Sarigol due to higher final germination percentage, mean daily germination and lower daily germination speed had higher seed quality.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22478_9b3125f8688baba37fe088a0d2577932.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Effect of Salt Stress on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Callus Culture of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)Effect of Salt Stress on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Callus Culture of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)819022479FAAli AshrafMehrabiMansourOmidiBahmanFazelinasabJournal Article19700101In this study, responses of four canola genotypes to salt stress in germination test and callus culture stages were investigated. The response of genotypes under salinity levels was significantly different. Higher salinity resulted in less germination and growth of seedling. After callus culturing on liquid saline media, callus fresh weight and callus induction efficiency were significantly different among genotypes. Increasing salt concentration in culture media didn’t have any effect on callus induction and growth, but high accumulation of Na and low K accumulation was detected in calli. Also K/Na ratio decreased with salinity increasing. No correlation between germination and callus growth traits was detected. But the correlation of seed germination percentage with K and K/Na accumulation in treated calli was positive. This correlation was negative with Na accumulation. Results of this research proposed that callus growth analysis on saline media could not be considered as a valuable criterion for evaluation of different genotypes of canola for salinity tolerance.In this study, responses of four canola genotypes to salt stress in germination test and callus culture stages were investigated. The response of genotypes under salinity levels was significantly different. Higher salinity resulted in less germination and growth of seedling. After callus culturing on liquid saline media, callus fresh weight and callus induction efficiency were significantly different among genotypes. Increasing salt concentration in culture media didn’t have any effect on callus induction and growth, but high accumulation of Na and low K accumulation was detected in calli. Also K/Na ratio decreased with salinity increasing. No correlation between germination and callus growth traits was detected. But the correlation of seed germination percentage with K and K/Na accumulation in treated calli was positive. This correlation was negative with Na accumulation. Results of this research proposed that callus growth analysis on saline media could not be considered as a valuable criterion for evaluation of different genotypes of canola for salinity tolerance.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22479_5d45b8dabe8e37f122ce31d76eac809c.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Protemic Comparison of Primed and Non-Primed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seed Embryo during GerminationProtemic Comparison of Primed and Non-Primed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seed Embryo during Germination9110322480FAMohsenAbbasabadiRezaTavakkolafshariMahmoudChamankhahHoushangAlizadeJournal Article19700101To better understand seed priming that improve seed germination and seedling uniformity, we examined the physiological role of osmopriming in germination of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed embryos by a proteomic approach. For this purpose, we used two systems. The first system consisted of osmo-primed seeds by PEG 6000 at -0.8 MPa at 15?C for 24 hours, followed by air drying at 15?C, and the second corresponded to wild-type seeds. The radicle emergence was evaluated at 8-hour intervals during 88 hours in primed and non-primed seeds. Afterwards, seeds were germinated in distilled water for 32 hours at 12?C, and sampling were done in 8-hour intervals. We used the results to analyze the effects of priming on seed germination at embryo scale. The proteomic analysis indicated that priming do not participate in many processes involved in germination sensu stricto (prior to radicle protrusion). Among about 1,250 total seed proteins resolved in two-dimensional gels, changes in the abundance (up- and down-regulation) of 92 proteins were observed during germination sensu stricto. Out of this, 26 protein changes detected between primed and non-primed seed germination in embryo. In 24-hour and 32-hour intervals the least and the most changes were observed, respectively. Primary result of mass spectrometry indicated that ATP synthesis and HSP 70 increased during germination.To better understand seed priming that improve seed germination and seedling uniformity, we examined the physiological role of osmopriming in germination of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed embryos by a proteomic approach. For this purpose, we used two systems. The first system consisted of osmo-primed seeds by PEG 6000 at -0.8 MPa at 15?C for 24 hours, followed by air drying at 15?C, and the second corresponded to wild-type seeds. The radicle emergence was evaluated at 8-hour intervals during 88 hours in primed and non-primed seeds. Afterwards, seeds were germinated in distilled water for 32 hours at 12?C, and sampling were done in 8-hour intervals. We used the results to analyze the effects of priming on seed germination at embryo scale. The proteomic analysis indicated that priming do not participate in many processes involved in germination sensu stricto (prior to radicle protrusion). Among about 1,250 total seed proteins resolved in two-dimensional gels, changes in the abundance (up- and down-regulation) of 92 proteins were observed during germination sensu stricto. Out of this, 26 protein changes detected between primed and non-primed seed germination in embryo. In 24-hour and 32-hour intervals the least and the most changes were observed, respectively. Primary result of mass spectrometry indicated that ATP synthesis and HSP 70 increased during germination.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22480_95ccfb19307e349c32f93db9a8232505.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Fermentation Quality and Digestibility of Sunflower Silage in Different Development StagesEvaluation of Chemical Composition, Fermentation Quality and Digestibility of Sunflower Silage in Different Development Stages101822481FAElaheMafakherMousaMeskarbashiPeymanHasibiMohammadrezaMashayekhiJamshidBaghaeipourJournal Article19700101Sunflower has many dry forage yields and is richer than corn in inorganic matter, protein and calcium. Therefore, use of this forage in livestock diets can be valuable for elimination of food poverty. In order to determine the best harvest stage for sunflower silage, an experiment was conducted in 2007-2008 at Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. A randomized complete block design with three treatments and four replications was used. Treatments were developmental stages of sunflower including R3 (late budding stage), R5 (late blooming stage) and R6-R7 (milk-dough grain stage) which ensiling to duration of forty five days in two kg jars.The results of experiment showed that sunflower silage had significantly higher percent of ash, crude protein and dry matter digestibility in late budding stage than other stages, but this developmental stage was not recommendable, because there was not acceptable pH (5.67). So in this study the silage of late blooming and before seed formation, because of acceptable pH and higher protein, inorganic matter, water soluble sugar, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility than milk-dough grain stage is recommended.Sunflower has many dry forage yields and is richer than corn in inorganic matter, protein and calcium. Therefore, use of this forage in livestock diets can be valuable for elimination of food poverty. In order to determine the best harvest stage for sunflower silage, an experiment was conducted in 2007-2008 at Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. A randomized complete block design with three treatments and four replications was used. Treatments were developmental stages of sunflower including R3 (late budding stage), R5 (late blooming stage) and R6-R7 (milk-dough grain stage) which ensiling to duration of forty five days in two kg jars.The results of experiment showed that sunflower silage had significantly higher percent of ash, crude protein and dry matter digestibility in late budding stage than other stages, but this developmental stage was not recommendable, because there was not acceptable pH (5.67). So in this study the silage of late blooming and before seed formation, because of acceptable pH and higher protein, inorganic matter, water soluble sugar, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility than milk-dough grain stage is recommended.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22481_ba82979c4e3d59db8966c3cc6ef9f0f2.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522The Effect of Drought Stress and Different Rates of Animal Manure with Super Absorbent Polymer on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Corn (Zea mays L.)The Effect of Drought Stress and Different Rates of Animal Manure with Super Absorbent Polymer on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Corn (Zea mays L.)11512322482FASeyed AliKhademMahmoudRamroudiMohammadGalaviMohammad JavadRoustaJournal Article19700101To investigate the effects of drought stress and different combinations of animal manure with super absorbent polymer on yield and yield components of corn, a split plots design was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Fars Agricultural Research Center in 2007. Irrigation treatments were assigned as the main factor in three levels: 70, 105 and 140 mm evaporation from pan class A. Different combinations of animal manure and super absorbent polymer application were assigned to the sub plots in six levels, namely, S1: control, S2: 100% animal manure (40 t/ha), S3: 100% super absorbent polymer (200 kg/ha), S4: 50% animal manure + 50% super absorbent polymer, S5: 35% animal manure + 65% super absorbent polymer, and S6: 65% animal manure + 35% super absorbent polymer. The results showed that, kernel number per ear, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and biological yield decreased by drought stress and increased with animal manure and super absorbent polymer application. Higher levels of drought stress decreased the grain yield. The maximum yield (12.43 t/ha) was detected in control irrigation. Yield and yield components were significantly increased by using of both animal manure and super absorbent polymer compared to other treatments. The results showed that, the combinations of animal manure and super absorbent polymer application (S6 treatment), significantly increased the grain and biological yield by 15.97 and 8.95 percent compared to control, respectively.To investigate the effects of drought stress and different combinations of animal manure with super absorbent polymer on yield and yield components of corn, a split plots design was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Fars Agricultural Research Center in 2007. Irrigation treatments were assigned as the main factor in three levels: 70, 105 and 140 mm evaporation from pan class A. Different combinations of animal manure and super absorbent polymer application were assigned to the sub plots in six levels, namely, S1: control, S2: 100% animal manure (40 t/ha), S3: 100% super absorbent polymer (200 kg/ha), S4: 50% animal manure + 50% super absorbent polymer, S5: 35% animal manure + 65% super absorbent polymer, and S6: 65% animal manure + 35% super absorbent polymer. The results showed that, kernel number per ear, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and biological yield decreased by drought stress and increased with animal manure and super absorbent polymer application. Higher levels of drought stress decreased the grain yield. The maximum yield (12.43 t/ha) was detected in control irrigation. Yield and yield components were significantly increased by using of both animal manure and super absorbent polymer compared to other treatments. The results showed that, the combinations of animal manure and super absorbent polymer application (S6 treatment), significantly increased the grain and biological yield by 15.97 and 8.95 percent compared to control, respectively.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22482_c035c2d5dcc9d3aa6bda8fcd21609671.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Grain Yield, Leaf Chlorophyll, Proline and Soluble Carbohydrates Content of Linseed under Different Irrigation RegimesGrain Yield, Leaf Chlorophyll, Proline and Soluble Carbohydrates Content of Linseed under Different Irrigation Regimes12513122483FAAzamKadkhodaeiParvizEhsanzadeJournal Article19700101Studying the physiological responses of linseed genotypes to water deficit stress may be helpful in recognizing the linseed resistance mechanisms to the latter stress factors. Therefore, a split plot RCBD field experiment was conducted with three replications to explain interrelations of leaf chlorophyll, proline and soluble carbohydrates content and grain yield of six linseed genotypes under three irrigation regimes. Three levels of irrigation: 70 (no stress), 115 (moderate stress) and 145 mm (severe stress) evaporation from a Class-A Pan served as the main plots and six linseed genotypes consisting of C1, C2, C3, B, Khorasan and 33 were considered as sub plots. Water deficit led to significant decreases in grain yield and chlorophyll content, but it led to increases in proline and soluble carbohydrates content of linseed leaves. Genotype B produced the highest grain yield (2193 kg ha), genotype C1 the greatest decrease (34%) in chlorophyll content and genotype B the highest increase (93%) in soluble carbohydrate content under severe stress. C1, C2, C3 and Khorasan indicated the greatest and B and 33 genotypes the smallest increases in proline content under sever water deficit stress. At least with present set of conditions, increasing soluble carbohydrates played a more significant role, compared to proline and chlorophyll content, in tolerance to moisture deficit stress.Studying the physiological responses of linseed genotypes to water deficit stress may be helpful in recognizing the linseed resistance mechanisms to the latter stress factors. Therefore, a split plot RCBD field experiment was conducted with three replications to explain interrelations of leaf chlorophyll, proline and soluble carbohydrates content and grain yield of six linseed genotypes under three irrigation regimes. Three levels of irrigation: 70 (no stress), 115 (moderate stress) and 145 mm (severe stress) evaporation from a Class-A Pan served as the main plots and six linseed genotypes consisting of C1, C2, C3, B, Khorasan and 33 were considered as sub plots. Water deficit led to significant decreases in grain yield and chlorophyll content, but it led to increases in proline and soluble carbohydrates content of linseed leaves. Genotype B produced the highest grain yield (2193 kg ha), genotype C1 the greatest decrease (34%) in chlorophyll content and genotype B the highest increase (93%) in soluble carbohydrate content under severe stress. C1, C2, C3 and Khorasan indicated the greatest and B and 33 genotypes the smallest increases in proline content under sever water deficit stress. At least with present set of conditions, increasing soluble carbohydrates played a more significant role, compared to proline and chlorophyll content, in tolerance to moisture deficit stress.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22483_c8b6a8a3819336ee2b1abc348a09399f.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Investigation of Nutritional Effects of Nitrogen, Boron and Sulfur on Quantitative and Qualitative Charactristics of Safflower Grain (Carthamus tinctorius L.)Investigation of Nutritional Effects of Nitrogen, Boron and Sulfur on Quantitative and Qualitative Charactristics of Safflower Grain (Carthamus tinctorius L.)13314122484FAMehriSafariMohammadMadadizadeFatemeShariatiniaJournal Article19700101In order to study the effects of Nitrogen (N), Boron (B) and Sulfur (S) on yield, yield components, oil and protein content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) an experiment was conducted in Research Station, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, using a local variety’’ Isfahan’’. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Treatments were all combination of nitrogen at 3 levels (46, 92 and 138 kg/ha as pure nitrogen) from Urea source, boron (0 and 0.7 kg/ha as pure boron) from Boric Acid source and sulfur (0, 150 and 300 kg/ha as sulfur) from powder sulfur source were randomly distributed in each block. Results showed that increasing nitrogen level increased seed yield, number of head and protein content of the seeds (P<0.01). However number of seeds per head, 100 seed weight and seeds oil content were decreased (P<0.01). Increasing sulfur level also increased seed yield, number of head, seed number per head, seed oil, and protein content (P<0.01). Increasing boron also increased oil and protein content of seeds. Comparison of means showed that the highest seed yield (264.177 gr/m2) could be obtained by using 138 kg/ha pure nitrogen. Results showed that the highest oil content (42.1%) obtained at 0.7 kg/ha boron, 46 kg/ha nitrogen and 150 kg/ha sulfur; While the lowest oil content (15%) was obtained at 138 kg/ha N with no sulfur and boron application. The highest protein content (21.17%) was detected in 92 kg/ha nitrogen, 150 kg/ha sulfur and 0.7 kg/ha boron; While the lowest protein content (10.1%) was obtained at 46 kg/ha N with no sulfur and boron application. More investigations about other nutritional elements and different varieties of safflower were recommended.In order to study the effects of Nitrogen (N), Boron (B) and Sulfur (S) on yield, yield components, oil and protein content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) an experiment was conducted in Research Station, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, using a local variety’’ Isfahan’’. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Treatments were all combination of nitrogen at 3 levels (46, 92 and 138 kg/ha as pure nitrogen) from Urea source, boron (0 and 0.7 kg/ha as pure boron) from Boric Acid source and sulfur (0, 150 and 300 kg/ha as sulfur) from powder sulfur source were randomly distributed in each block. Results showed that increasing nitrogen level increased seed yield, number of head and protein content of the seeds (P<0.01). However number of seeds per head, 100 seed weight and seeds oil content were decreased (P<0.01). Increasing sulfur level also increased seed yield, number of head, seed number per head, seed oil, and protein content (P<0.01). Increasing boron also increased oil and protein content of seeds. Comparison of means showed that the highest seed yield (264.177 gr/m2) could be obtained by using 138 kg/ha pure nitrogen. Results showed that the highest oil content (42.1%) obtained at 0.7 kg/ha boron, 46 kg/ha nitrogen and 150 kg/ha sulfur; While the lowest oil content (15%) was obtained at 138 kg/ha N with no sulfur and boron application. The highest protein content (21.17%) was detected in 92 kg/ha nitrogen, 150 kg/ha sulfur and 0.7 kg/ha boron; While the lowest protein content (10.1%) was obtained at 46 kg/ha N with no sulfur and boron application. More investigations about other nutritional elements and different varieties of safflower were recommended.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22484_d7755eeb4f7d304993f747c32f1b152b.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Effect of Manure Compost Enrichment with Different Amounts of Zeolite on Trifluralin Efficacy in Sunflower Weed Control under Different Irrigation RegimesEffect of Manure Compost Enrichment with Different Amounts of Zeolite on Trifluralin Efficacy in Sunflower Weed Control under Different Irrigation Regimes14315522485FASaeidrezaYaghoubiMajidAghaalikhaniMajidGholamhosseiniKamalSadat AsilanAriaDolatabadianAidinKhodaei Joughan0000-0002-6074-7611EhsanJamshidiJournal Article19700101In order to investigate the effects of composted manure and zeolite on efficacy of trifluralin in control of weed natural population in sunflower under different irrigation regimes, an experiment conducted in 2009 in Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. A randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications was used. First factor was irrigation regimes that involved normal irrigation (irrigation after reducing 35% soil available water) and limited irrigation (irrigation after reducing 70% soil available water). Second factor was zeolite using in 0, 100, 200 and 300 gm-2 which composted with manure. In this experiment 60% of nitrogen was supplied from chemical fertilizer and 40% by compost. Results indicated that using zeolite increased efficacy of trifluralin and reduced weed density under both normal and limited irrigations but weed density under limited irrigation was lower than normal irrigation. Weed dry matter reduced with increasing zeolite level under limited irrigation but did not change under normal irrigation. Results of field experiment and bioassay test revealed that crop yield and persistence of trifluralin increased significantly with increasing zeolite level.In order to investigate the effects of composted manure and zeolite on efficacy of trifluralin in control of weed natural population in sunflower under different irrigation regimes, an experiment conducted in 2009 in Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. A randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications was used. First factor was irrigation regimes that involved normal irrigation (irrigation after reducing 35% soil available water) and limited irrigation (irrigation after reducing 70% soil available water). Second factor was zeolite using in 0, 100, 200 and 300 gm-2 which composted with manure. In this experiment 60% of nitrogen was supplied from chemical fertilizer and 40% by compost. Results indicated that using zeolite increased efficacy of trifluralin and reduced weed density under both normal and limited irrigations but weed density under limited irrigation was lower than normal irrigation. Weed dry matter reduced with increasing zeolite level under limited irrigation but did not change under normal irrigation. Results of field experiment and bioassay test revealed that crop yield and persistence of trifluralin increased significantly with increasing zeolite level.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22485_40b78a61ef6a2139e3ad723f7fcb95e8.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Effect of Type and Application Time of Chemicals on Dormancy Breaking of Potato MinitubersEffect of Type and Application Time of Chemicals on Dormancy Breaking of Potato Minitubers15716422486FAKhaledSalimiSeyed Mohammad BagherHosseini0000-0002-7138-8722RezaTavakkol AfshariJournal Article19700101In this study, the effect of application time (immediately and one week after harvest) of some chemicals (rindite, carbon disulphide, gibberellic acid and thiourea) on breaking of dormancy and sprouting of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv., Marfona) minitubers was investigated. For the carbon disulphide (25 ml m-3 for four days) and rindite (0.2 ml L-1 for two days) application, minitubers were exposed to evaporation of these materials in plastic containers with tightly fitting lids, immersed in solution of thiourea (30 g L-1 for two hrs) or gibberellic acid (50 mg L-1 for two hrs). Results showed that time of application had a significant effect on breaking of potato minituber dormancy. Rindite and carbon disulphide immediately and gibberellic acid and thiourea in one week after harvest had a greater effect. Irrespective of time of treatment, minitubers were treated with rindite and thiourea had the lowest and the highest dormancy period, respectively. The number, length and fresh weight of sprout in treated minitubers significantly enhanced by treating minitubers with chemicals compared with the untreated control minitubers, but there were strong interactions between chemicals and time of treatment. Rindite and carbon disulphide immediately and gibberellic acid and thiourea in one week after harvest had a greater effect on sprouting. Sprout mass per unit of sprout length of the longest sprout were significantly increased by treating minitubers with rindite, thiourea and carbon disulphide compared with the untreated control minitubers, but in gibberellins treated minituber decreased.In this study, the effect of application time (immediately and one week after harvest) of some chemicals (rindite, carbon disulphide, gibberellic acid and thiourea) on breaking of dormancy and sprouting of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv., Marfona) minitubers was investigated. For the carbon disulphide (25 ml m-3 for four days) and rindite (0.2 ml L-1 for two days) application, minitubers were exposed to evaporation of these materials in plastic containers with tightly fitting lids, immersed in solution of thiourea (30 g L-1 for two hrs) or gibberellic acid (50 mg L-1 for two hrs). Results showed that time of application had a significant effect on breaking of potato minituber dormancy. Rindite and carbon disulphide immediately and gibberellic acid and thiourea in one week after harvest had a greater effect. Irrespective of time of treatment, minitubers were treated with rindite and thiourea had the lowest and the highest dormancy period, respectively. The number, length and fresh weight of sprout in treated minitubers significantly enhanced by treating minitubers with chemicals compared with the untreated control minitubers, but there were strong interactions between chemicals and time of treatment. Rindite and carbon disulphide immediately and gibberellic acid and thiourea in one week after harvest had a greater effect on sprouting. Sprout mass per unit of sprout length of the longest sprout were significantly increased by treating minitubers with rindite, thiourea and carbon disulphide compared with the untreated control minitubers, but in gibberellins treated minituber decreased.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22486_c0db9f4cf27b4dca74f0600a2c6d9822.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Genetic Analysis of Drought Tolerance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Using Generation Means AnalysisGenetic Analysis of Drought Tolerance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Using Generation Means Analysis16518222487FAEzzatKaramiJournal Article19700101This experiment was conducted to determine gene action for different traits of chickpea including days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, 100-seed weight, number of primary branches, and number of pods per plant and seed yield since 2006 to 2009 in Sararood dry land Research Sub institute in Kermanshah. Five genotypes Arman, Hashem, ILC588, ICCV2 and ILC3279 were selected and crossed with each other. Six generations from each cross were produced and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In each replication 15 plants for P1, P2 and F1 generations, 30 plants for BC1 and BC2 generations, and 60 plants for F2 generation were evaluated for all traits. Joint scaling test and chi-square test were used to estimate the gene action. The chi-square of simple three parametric model was significant for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant and seed yield, indicating the presence of non allelic-interactions in the inheritance of these traits in chickpea. Both additive and dominance genetic effects were significant for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant and seed yield. In addition, presence of high amount of dominance effect and dominance × dominance interactions suggests the importance of non-additive genetic effects for these traits in chickpea. Therefore, selection for these traits in early generations can not be successful. However, additive genetic effects play an important role in the inheritance of plant height, number of primary branches and 100-seed weight, promising selection for these traits in early generations during the process of chickpea breeding. The negative sign of dominance effect traits such as days to 50% flowering indicated progenies partial dominance towards earliness parent. Amount of heterosis was estimated using this formula (([h] + [l])-([d] + [i])). It was positive and significant only for some traits.This experiment was conducted to determine gene action for different traits of chickpea including days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, 100-seed weight, number of primary branches, and number of pods per plant and seed yield since 2006 to 2009 in Sararood dry land Research Sub institute in Kermanshah. Five genotypes Arman, Hashem, ILC588, ICCV2 and ILC3279 were selected and crossed with each other. Six generations from each cross were produced and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In each replication 15 plants for P1, P2 and F1 generations, 30 plants for BC1 and BC2 generations, and 60 plants for F2 generation were evaluated for all traits. Joint scaling test and chi-square test were used to estimate the gene action. The chi-square of simple three parametric model was significant for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant and seed yield, indicating the presence of non allelic-interactions in the inheritance of these traits in chickpea. Both additive and dominance genetic effects were significant for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant and seed yield. In addition, presence of high amount of dominance effect and dominance × dominance interactions suggests the importance of non-additive genetic effects for these traits in chickpea. Therefore, selection for these traits in early generations can not be successful. However, additive genetic effects play an important role in the inheritance of plant height, number of primary branches and 100-seed weight, promising selection for these traits in early generations during the process of chickpea breeding. The negative sign of dominance effect traits such as days to 50% flowering indicated progenies partial dominance towards earliness parent. Amount of heterosis was estimated using this formula (([h] + [l])-([d] + [i])). It was positive and significant only for some traits.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22487_9f9ce8e4e006641862179cc8f85d65de.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Heritability of Yield and Associated Traits in Smooth Brome Grass Genotypes (Bromus inermis)Heritability of Yield and Associated Traits in Smooth Brome Grass Genotypes (Bromus inermis)18318922488FARezaMohammadiMojtabaKhayyam NekoueiMohammad MehdiMajidiAghafakhrMirlohiJournal Article19700101In order to investigate production potential, variation and genetic similarity of selected Iranian smooth brome grass (Bromus intermis) genotypes, an experiment was conducted using clonally propagated materials. Genotypes were evaluated for agronomic, phenological and morphological characteristics under a randomized complete block design during 2005 and 2006. Results showed that there were significant differences between genotypes for all traits indicating high genetic diversity in studied germplasem that can be suitable for selecting genotypes in the germplasm. Genotypic coefficients of variation evaluated for seed and forage yield were the highest while the lowest detected for days to pollination, plant and peduncle length and crown diameter. The strong estimates of heritability were observed for days to headings and days to pollination, while the lowest was observed for crown diameter. Cluster analysis on the studied attributes grouped genotypes into three clusters. Regarding all of the measured characters the least and the most similar accessions were identified to be used in the future breeding projects. Finally, the genotypes number 1, 5, 16, 19 and 23 were suggested for developing synthetic variety.In order to investigate production potential, variation and genetic similarity of selected Iranian smooth brome grass (Bromus intermis) genotypes, an experiment was conducted using clonally propagated materials. Genotypes were evaluated for agronomic, phenological and morphological characteristics under a randomized complete block design during 2005 and 2006. Results showed that there were significant differences between genotypes for all traits indicating high genetic diversity in studied germplasem that can be suitable for selecting genotypes in the germplasm. Genotypic coefficients of variation evaluated for seed and forage yield were the highest while the lowest detected for days to pollination, plant and peduncle length and crown diameter. The strong estimates of heritability were observed for days to headings and days to pollination, while the lowest was observed for crown diameter. Cluster analysis on the studied attributes grouped genotypes into three clusters. Regarding all of the measured characters the least and the most similar accessions were identified to be used in the future breeding projects. Finally, the genotypes number 1, 5, 16, 19 and 23 were suggested for developing synthetic variety.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22488_3073b735850ddee3ae57655b25b964fb.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522The Effect of Seed Priming on Grain Yield and its Components of Spotted Bean Cultivars under Water Deficit StressThe Effect of Seed Priming on Grain Yield and its Components of Spotted Bean Cultivars under Water Deficit Stress19119722489FASamiraHajikhaniHassanHabibiFaridShekariMohammad HosseinFotoukianJournal Article19700101In order to investigate the effects of water stress and seed priming on seed yield and its components of spotted bean cultivars this study was conducted. The experimental design was implemented in a factorial–split plot based on RCBD with three replications at research field of Zanjan University in summer of 2006. Main factor was allocated to interaction between two cultivars (Tallash and C.O.S-16) and water stress at flowering stage. Sub factors were four seed treatments including KNO3, KCl, Chlorocholine Chloride (CCC) 0.5 molar and Polyethylene glycol (PEG6000,-24bar). Analysis of variance showed that grain per pod in C.O.S-16 cultivar with KCl treatment at irrigation conditions significantly increased in comparison to control (no- priming). In Tallash cultivar, KCl and KNO3 treatments under water stress condition reduced 100-seed weight significantly compared to control (no-priming). In Tallash cultivar under irrigation, all treatments including grain yield significantly reduced in comparison to control (no-priming). Overall, effects of priming was mostly on the seedling growth and establishment and no increase on seed yields was detected.In order to investigate the effects of water stress and seed priming on seed yield and its components of spotted bean cultivars this study was conducted. The experimental design was implemented in a factorial–split plot based on RCBD with three replications at research field of Zanjan University in summer of 2006. Main factor was allocated to interaction between two cultivars (Tallash and C.O.S-16) and water stress at flowering stage. Sub factors were four seed treatments including KNO3, KCl, Chlorocholine Chloride (CCC) 0.5 molar and Polyethylene glycol (PEG6000,-24bar). Analysis of variance showed that grain per pod in C.O.S-16 cultivar with KCl treatment at irrigation conditions significantly increased in comparison to control (no- priming). In Tallash cultivar, KCl and KNO3 treatments under water stress condition reduced 100-seed weight significantly compared to control (no-priming). In Tallash cultivar under irrigation, all treatments including grain yield significantly reduced in comparison to control (no-priming). Overall, effects of priming was mostly on the seedling growth and establishment and no increase on seed yields was detected.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22489_f6a362db73b5440f168f4f8ebe886edf.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressIranian Journal of Field Crop Science2008-481142120110522Effect of Different Levels of Salinity and Nitrogen Sources on Growth and Chemical Contents in Psyllium (Plantago ovata F.)Effect of Different Levels of Salinity and Nitrogen Sources on Growth and Chemical Contents in Psyllium (Plantago ovata F.)19920722490FAMostafaHeydariAhmadAbdolzadeFatemeFarzameJournal Article19700101In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of salinity and three nitrogen nutrition on biochemical reactions and changes in dry weight of shoot and root on Psyllium (Plantago ovata F.), a glasshouse experiment in a complete randomized design with three replications in 2009 at University of Zabol was conducted. Salinity treatments in this experiment were 0, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl and nitrogen sources were Nitrate, Ammonium and Nitrate+Ammonium. Planting was conducted in pots containing washed sand. Salt stress in plants was started after two leaves stage and continued for 30 days. Results showed that salinity, nitrogen sources and their interaction had significant effects on the dry weight in root and shoot of Psyllium. Salinity reduced dry weight of shoot and root. At 200 mM of NaCl the dry weight of shoot and root reduced by 42.8 and 13.4%, respectively. At the highest level of salinity, ammonium+nitrate had the highest effect on root growth and shoot dry weight. In this study, salinity, nitrogen and their interaction (except nitrogen percentage) had significant effect on the values of nitrogen, nitrate, soluble protein and amino acids. Salinity stress decreased all latter treatments. At the highest level of salinity, ammonium+nitrate nitrogen source increased them. By increasing salinity from control to 200 mM NaCl, leaf chlorophyll content decreased but soluble carbohydrate and proline increased. Nitrogen source treatment had only significant effect on proline. Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium+nitrate had the highest effect on proline. Use of nitrogen as ammonium+ nitrate at the highest level of salinity (200 mM NaCl) improved the performance parameters of this plant.In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of salinity and three nitrogen nutrition on biochemical reactions and changes in dry weight of shoot and root on Psyllium (Plantago ovata F.), a glasshouse experiment in a complete randomized design with three replications in 2009 at University of Zabol was conducted. Salinity treatments in this experiment were 0, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl and nitrogen sources were Nitrate, Ammonium and Nitrate+Ammonium. Planting was conducted in pots containing washed sand. Salt stress in plants was started after two leaves stage and continued for 30 days. Results showed that salinity, nitrogen sources and their interaction had significant effects on the dry weight in root and shoot of Psyllium. Salinity reduced dry weight of shoot and root. At 200 mM of NaCl the dry weight of shoot and root reduced by 42.8 and 13.4%, respectively. At the highest level of salinity, ammonium+nitrate had the highest effect on root growth and shoot dry weight. In this study, salinity, nitrogen and their interaction (except nitrogen percentage) had significant effect on the values of nitrogen, nitrate, soluble protein and amino acids. Salinity stress decreased all latter treatments. At the highest level of salinity, ammonium+nitrate nitrogen source increased them. By increasing salinity from control to 200 mM NaCl, leaf chlorophyll content decreased but soluble carbohydrate and proline increased. Nitrogen source treatment had only significant effect on proline. Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium+nitrate had the highest effect on proline. Use of nitrogen as ammonium+ nitrate at the highest level of salinity (200 mM NaCl) improved the performance parameters of this plant.https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_22490_a6dc6e8a10844b368de18c154b43bc12.pdf