Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 03 21 Evaluating the Impact of Yeast Extract and 24-Epi-Brassinolid Treatments on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Under Water Deficiency Condition Evaluating the Impact of Yeast Extract and 24-Epi-Brassinolid Treatments on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Under Water Deficiency Condition 1 22 100346 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.369864.655052 FA Faride Gholami Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran. Mohammad Reza Amerian Agronomy Dept.Faculty of Agriculture>Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood,Iran. Hamid Reza Asghari Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran. Amin Ebrahimi Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran. Journal Article 2023 12 21 Water deficiency is an effective method to optimize water consumption, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, making it a highly desirable approach for reducing water use. Additionally, growth regulators can serve as a supplementary strategy for plants under water deficiency conditions. This research evaluated the effects of yeast extract and 24-epibrasinolide under various irrigation conditions. It was conducted as a factorial split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included different irrigation intervals (8, 12, and 16 days), spraying of yeast extract (0 and 12 g/L), and 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5, and 10 μM). During the 12 and 16-day irrigation periods, seed yield decreased by 21.80% and 25.61%, respectively, compared to the 8-day irrigation period. However, foliar spraying with 10 μM 24-epibrassinolide and yeast extract increased seed yield by 10.14% and 20.28%, respectively. Additionally, total chlorophyll content decreased by 15.71% and 47.54% during the 12 and 16-day irrigation periods compared to the 8 days. The application of 10 μM 24-epibrassinolide along with yeast extract increased chlorophyll content by 57.69%. In the 16-day irrigation cycle, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes increased by 314.63% and 194.73%, respectively, using 10 μM brassinolide and yeast extract. Additionally, the levels of proline, flavonoid, and malondialdehyde increased by 52.85%, 109.89%, and 96.33%, respectively, in the 16-day irrigation cycle compared to the 8-day irrigation period. This research demonstrated that applying 12 g per liter of yeast extract combined with 10 μM brassinolide effectively increases seed yield and mitigates the impact of low irrigation in cowpeas. Water deficiency is an effective method to optimize water consumption, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, making it a highly desirable approach for reducing water use. Additionally, growth regulators can serve as a supplementary strategy for plants under water deficiency conditions. This research evaluated the effects of yeast extract and 24-epibrasinolide under various irrigation conditions. It was conducted as a factorial split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included different irrigation intervals (8, 12, and 16 days), spraying of yeast extract (0 and 12 g/L), and 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5, and 10 μM). During the 12 and 16-day irrigation periods, seed yield decreased by 21.80% and 25.61%, respectively, compared to the 8-day irrigation period. However, foliar spraying with 10 μM 24-epibrassinolide and yeast extract increased seed yield by 10.14% and 20.28%, respectively. Additionally, total chlorophyll content decreased by 15.71% and 47.54% during the 12 and 16-day irrigation periods compared to the 8 days. The application of 10 μM 24-epibrassinolide along with yeast extract increased chlorophyll content by 57.69%. In the 16-day irrigation cycle, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes increased by 314.63% and 194.73%, respectively, using 10 μM brassinolide and yeast extract. Additionally, the levels of proline, flavonoid, and malondialdehyde increased by 52.85%, 109.89%, and 96.33%, respectively, in the 16-day irrigation cycle compared to the 8-day irrigation period. This research demonstrated that applying 12 g per liter of yeast extract combined with 10 μM brassinolide effectively increases seed yield and mitigates the impact of low irrigation in cowpeas. https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_100346_7839f67613397abd5eb46e2b6a567f4d.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 01 22 Investigating the Effect of Planting Dates and Performing Hilling up Operation on Sugarcane Quantity and Quality Yield (Cultivar CP69-1062) Investigating the Effect of Planting Dates and Performing Hilling up Operation on Sugarcane Quantity and Quality Yield (Cultivar CP69-1062) 23 35 100342 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.373068.655064 FA Farshad Salehi Department of Agronomy Research, Khuzestan Sugarcane Development and By-products Research and Training Institute, Ahvaz, Iran Hossein Noroozi Department of Agronomy Research. Khuzestan Sugarcane Development and By-products Research and Training Institute, Ahvaz, Iran Aghajan Bahadori Department of Agronomy Research, Khuzestan Sugarcane Development and By-products Research and Training Institute, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2024 02 27 In order to determine the best planting date and time for Hilling up operation in sugarcane, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the research farm of Khuzestan Sugarcane and by-Products Research and Training Institute during the 2021-2022. Experimental treatments included the planting dates of Aug 11^th, Aug 24^th, Sep 6^th, and Sep 19^th 2021 as the main plot and Hilling up operation at three levels (no Hilling up, Hilling up on Nov 11^th, and Hilling up on Feb 9^th 2021) as the sub plot. The experiment was carried out in one year and on the plant cultivar CP69-1062. The main effect of planting date showed that the average cane height on the planting date of Aug 11^th was equal to 189 cm, which was eight, 14, and 16% higher than the dates of Aug 24^th, Sep 6^th, and Sep 19^th, respectively. In terms of the number of millable cane, it was also observed that the planting date of Aug 11^th had five, eight, and 13% more stems than Aug 24^th, Sep 6^th, and Sept 19^th, respectively. Also, the highest yield of sugarcane was related to the planting date of Aug 11^th (94.8 t.ha^-1), and with the delay in the planting date, the average of this trait decreased significantly; so that the planting dates of Aug 24^th, Sep 6^th, and Sep 19^thhad 10, 13, and 17% decrease in yield, respectively, compared to the planting date of Aug 11^th. Under Hilling-up levels, the average yield of sugarcane in the treatments of no Hilling-up and Hilling-up on Nov 11^th (90.4 and 87.1 t.ha^-1, respectively) were not different from each other, but compared to the Hilling-up treatment on Feb 9th, they had 13 and 10% more yield, respectively. On the other hand, the qualitative traits of sugarcane syrup were not affected by the experimental treatments. The results also showed that the not Hilling-up compared to the treatment of Hilling-up on Nov 11^th and Feb 9^th, had more complete cane (41 and 25%, respectively), chopper cane (32 and 26%, respectively), trash cane (28 and 15%, respectively) and base cane (54 and 46%, respectively). In order to determine the best planting date and time for Hilling up operation in sugarcane, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the research farm of Khuzestan Sugarcane and by-Products Research and Training Institute during the 2021-2022. Experimental treatments included the planting dates of Aug 11^th, Aug 24^th, Sep 6^th, and Sep 19^th 2021 as the main plot and Hilling up operation at three levels (no Hilling up, Hilling up on Nov 11^th, and Hilling up on Feb 9^th 2021) as the sub plot. The experiment was carried out in one year and on the plant cultivar CP69-1062. The main effect of planting date showed that the average cane height on the planting date of Aug 11^th was equal to 189 cm, which was eight, 14, and 16% higher than the dates of Aug 24^th, Sep 6^th, and Sep 19^th, respectively. In terms of the number of millable cane, it was also observed that the planting date of Aug 11^th had five, eight, and 13% more stems than Aug 24^th, Sep 6^th, and Sept 19^th, respectively. Also, the highest yield of sugarcane was related to the planting date of Aug 11^th (94.8 t.ha^-1), and with the delay in the planting date, the average of this trait decreased significantly; so that the planting dates of Aug 24^th, Sep 6^th, and Sep 19^thhad 10, 13, and 17% decrease in yield, respectively, compared to the planting date of Aug 11^th. Under Hilling-up levels, the average yield of sugarcane in the treatments of no Hilling-up and Hilling-up on Nov 11^th (90.4 and 87.1 t.ha^-1, respectively) were not different from each other, but compared to the Hilling-up treatment on Feb 9th, they had 13 and 10% more yield, respectively. On the other hand, the qualitative traits of sugarcane syrup were not affected by the experimental treatments. The results also showed that the not Hilling-up compared to the treatment of Hilling-up on Nov 11^th and Feb 9^th, had more complete cane (41 and 25%, respectively), chopper cane (32 and 26%, respectively), trash cane (28 and 15%, respectively) and base cane (54 and 46%, respectively). https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_100342_2412318711ceadb28293094add91d596.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 03 21 Assessing Grain Yield Stability of Rice Promising Lines using GGE-Biplot Analysis Assessing Grain Yield Stability of Rice Promising Lines using GGE-Biplot Analysis 37 50 101277 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.375029.655075 FA Soheila Nikzadeh Talebi Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Babak Rabiei Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Journal Article 2024 04 14 One of the critical stages in plant breeding programs is the genotype-by-environment interaction and the selection of high-yielding and stable genotypes. In this research, 20 pure rice lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications over three years (2020, 2021, and 2022) at the Rice Research Institute of country (Rasht) for identification of high-yielding and stable genotypes. The analysis of variance of the main effects of year, genotype, and genotype-by-year interaction showed significant differences at 1% probability level. The results of stability analysis using the GGE-biplot method showed that the first two components described a total of 97.43% of the variation in genotype and genotype-environment interaction, indicating the validity of the GGE-biplot method in explaining performance variations of genotypes. Based on the biplot polygon, lines 9, 19, 2, 6, 3, and 16 were identified as the most responsive lines. In the genotype-focused scaling diagram, line 9 was the closest to the genotype ideal line. The analysis of other characteristics of the studied lines revealed that lines 9, 10, and 13 exhibited shorter maturity time and plant height, along with a more moderate and desirable cooking quality compared to other lines; therefore, these three lines are recommended for further experimentation to introduce a new variety. One of the critical stages in plant breeding programs is the genotype-by-environment interaction and the selection of high-yielding and stable genotypes. In this research, 20 pure rice lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications over three years (2020, 2021, and 2022) at the Rice Research Institute of country (Rasht) for identification of high-yielding and stable genotypes. The analysis of variance of the main effects of year, genotype, and genotype-by-year interaction showed significant differences at 1% probability level. The results of stability analysis using the GGE-biplot method showed that the first two components described a total of 97.43% of the variation in genotype and genotype-environment interaction, indicating the validity of the GGE-biplot method in explaining performance variations of genotypes. Based on the biplot polygon, lines 9, 19, 2, 6, 3, and 16 were identified as the most responsive lines. In the genotype-focused scaling diagram, line 9 was the closest to the genotype ideal line. The analysis of other characteristics of the studied lines revealed that lines 9, 10, and 13 exhibited shorter maturity time and plant height, along with a more moderate and desirable cooking quality compared to other lines; therefore, these three lines are recommended for further experimentation to introduce a new variety. https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_101277_0643ddd1ca31d31466bcaf83bba9f33e.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 03 21 Principal Components Analysis of Some Maize Genotypes using Agromorphological Traits under Non-Stress and Cadmium Stress Conditions Principal Components Analysis of Some Maize Genotypes using Agromorphological Traits under Non-Stress and Cadmium Stress Conditions 51 64 100351 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.375697.655079 FA Sara Farokhzadeh Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol 0000-0001-6786-854X Ali Asghar Ghaderi Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol Nafiseh Mahdinezhad Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. 0000-0002-0582-9227 Reza Darvishzaeh Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Barat Ali Fakheri Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Zabol, Iran Sorour Arzhang Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 0000-0002-4114-2828 Journal Article 2024 04 27 Cadmium (Cd) stress, as one of the most significant abiotic stresses, negatively affects the growth and performance of maize. In this study, the diversity and relationship between yield and various agromorphological characteristics of maize lines in 95 genotypes were investigated using a randomized complete block design with three replications under two conditions: Non-stress and Cd stress, in a pot experiment conducted in an open area at the Agricultural Research Station of Jiroft during two cropping years. Under stress conditions, a cadmium chloride solution with a concentration of 30 mg.L⁻¹ was applied at two stages of plant growth (at the six-leaf stage and the appearance of the first male flowers). In both conditions, the results revealed a positive and significant correlation between grain yield with grain number per main ear, 1000-grain weight, the grain number per row, and ear wood weight. In principal component analysis, the first nine and eight principal components were identified under both non-stress and stress conditions, explaining 79.26% and 76.42% of the total diversity of genotypes, respectively. In both conditions, the first component was identified as the phenology component, while the second and third components were recognized as the yield component, yield components, and the dimensional component, and plant type. The present study showed that yield traits, yield components, and phenological characteristics are key indicators for demonstrating<strong> </strong>the diversity and differentiation among different maize genotypes under Cd stress. This diversity can be utilized in maize breeding programs to enhance tolerance to Cd stress and achieve other breeding purposes such as earliness Cadmium (Cd) stress, as one of the most significant abiotic stresses, negatively affects the growth and performance of maize. In this study, the diversity and relationship between yield and various agromorphological characteristics of maize lines in 95 genotypes were investigated using a randomized complete block design with three replications under two conditions: Non-stress and Cd stress, in a pot experiment conducted in an open area at the Agricultural Research Station of Jiroft during two cropping years. Under stress conditions, a cadmium chloride solution with a concentration of 30 mg.L⁻¹ was applied at two stages of plant growth (at the six-leaf stage and the appearance of the first male flowers). In both conditions, the results revealed a positive and significant correlation between grain yield with grain number per main ear, 1000-grain weight, the grain number per row, and ear wood weight. In principal component analysis, the first nine and eight principal components were identified under both non-stress and stress conditions, explaining 79.26% and 76.42% of the total diversity of genotypes, respectively. In both conditions, the first component was identified as the phenology component, while the second and third components were recognized as the yield component, yield components, and the dimensional component, and plant type. The present study showed that yield traits, yield components, and phenological characteristics are key indicators for demonstrating<strong> </strong>the diversity and differentiation among different maize genotypes under Cd stress. This diversity can be utilized in maize breeding programs to enhance tolerance to Cd stress and achieve other breeding purposes such as earliness https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_100351_639c7cf60c384e621775612d323f923f.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 03 21 The Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on Seed Germination and Morphological Characteristics of Seedlings of Two Ecotypes of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) The Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on Seed Germination and Morphological Characteristics of Seedlings of Two Ecotypes of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) 65 75 100349 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.376924.655082 FA Shaghayegh Kalhor Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran Iraj Alahdadi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran Elias Soltani Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Khani Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-7753-1780 Shiva Akbari Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 05 25 In order to investigate the effect of cold plasma on the seed germination and emergence of black cumin, an experiment was conducted in 2022 in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications on two ecotypes of black cumin, Dargaz and Yazd. The treatments included control (without cold plasma), cold plasma treatment based on gliding arc in 30s, 1, 2, and 3 minutes on Dargaz ecotype; and control treatment, radio frequency (RF) plasma treatments with power of 50W in five minutes, 50W in 15 minutes and 100W in five minutes and cold plasma treatment based on Surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) in 10, 15, and 20 seconds on Yazd ecotype. The results showed that in Dargaz ecotype, gliding arc treatment in three minutes with 67.5% and in Yazd ecotype, RF treatment with a power of 50W in five minutes with 68.5% achieved the highest germination percentage. In Dargaz ecotype, gliding arc treatment in 30s and in Yazd ecotype, SDBD treatment in 20s caused the maximum seedling length. In general, the results of this research showed that cold plasma improved the seed germination and morphological characteristics of black cumin seedlings in both ecotypes. In order to investigate the effect of cold plasma on the seed germination and emergence of black cumin, an experiment was conducted in 2022 in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications on two ecotypes of black cumin, Dargaz and Yazd. The treatments included control (without cold plasma), cold plasma treatment based on gliding arc in 30s, 1, 2, and 3 minutes on Dargaz ecotype; and control treatment, radio frequency (RF) plasma treatments with power of 50W in five minutes, 50W in 15 minutes and 100W in five minutes and cold plasma treatment based on Surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) in 10, 15, and 20 seconds on Yazd ecotype. The results showed that in Dargaz ecotype, gliding arc treatment in three minutes with 67.5% and in Yazd ecotype, RF treatment with a power of 50W in five minutes with 68.5% achieved the highest germination percentage. In Dargaz ecotype, gliding arc treatment in 30s and in Yazd ecotype, SDBD treatment in 20s caused the maximum seedling length. In general, the results of this research showed that cold plasma improved the seed germination and morphological characteristics of black cumin seedlings in both ecotypes. https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_100349_0a725e0890182237e35de4f1916e81e3.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 03 21 Effects of Nitrapyrin on Yield of Forage Maize and Sorghum in Monoculture and Intercropping under Different Tillage Systems Effects of Nitrapyrin on Yield of Forage Maize and Sorghum in Monoculture and Intercropping under Different Tillage Systems 77 91 100348 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.378079.655083 FA Hosein Moghadam Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Ashkan Jalilian Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Mohammad Zargaran Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Arman Farrahi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Nima Shahbazi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Fatemeh Amini Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 16 Increasing the application of chemical fertilizers and their high leaching rates leads to decreased consumption efficiency and environmental pollution. Therefore, soil nitrification inhibitors could enhance absorption efficiency and reduce the loss of urea fertilizer. Intercropping is one of the strategies to increase biodiversity and improve production efficiency per unit area; therefore, the intercropping of maize and forage sorghum was conducted in fields with different fertilizer and soil tillage systems in 2021-2022. The treatments included two tillage systems (conventional and no-tillage), three fertilizer types (control, urea, and urea + nitrapyrin). The cropping patterns were monoculture of forage maize and sorghum, and alternatives intercropping). The results showed that the highest plant height (268.83 cm), fresh forage weight (8.67 kg. m^-2), and absorbed light (1135.32 MJ.m^-2) were obtained in conventional tillage and urea + nitrapyrin treatment. The highest LER (1.14) and chlorophyll content (70.18%) were achieved in conventional tillage and urea + nitrapyrin treatment. In general, the results indicated that conventional tillage compared to no-tillage systems had higher performance in all traits. This superiority is attributed to better root penetration and water infiltration. Application of nitrapyrin, combined with maintaining urea in the root zone, enhanced absorption and overall performance. Intercropping demonstrated superiority over monocropping, which could significantly contribute to reducing water consumption, especially considering sorghum's drought resistance. Increasing the application of chemical fertilizers and their high leaching rates leads to decreased consumption efficiency and environmental pollution. Therefore, soil nitrification inhibitors could enhance absorption efficiency and reduce the loss of urea fertilizer. Intercropping is one of the strategies to increase biodiversity and improve production efficiency per unit area; therefore, the intercropping of maize and forage sorghum was conducted in fields with different fertilizer and soil tillage systems in 2021-2022. The treatments included two tillage systems (conventional and no-tillage), three fertilizer types (control, urea, and urea + nitrapyrin). The cropping patterns were monoculture of forage maize and sorghum, and alternatives intercropping). The results showed that the highest plant height (268.83 cm), fresh forage weight (8.67 kg. m^-2), and absorbed light (1135.32 MJ.m^-2) were obtained in conventional tillage and urea + nitrapyrin treatment. The highest LER (1.14) and chlorophyll content (70.18%) were achieved in conventional tillage and urea + nitrapyrin treatment. In general, the results indicated that conventional tillage compared to no-tillage systems had higher performance in all traits. This superiority is attributed to better root penetration and water infiltration. Application of nitrapyrin, combined with maintaining urea in the root zone, enhanced absorption and overall performance. Intercropping demonstrated superiority over monocropping, which could significantly contribute to reducing water consumption, especially considering sorghum's drought resistance. https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_100348_d5adb3b962a5fffd9992db7da3261e26.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 03 21 Evaluation of Forage Production Potential in Persian Clover-Crimson Clover Intercropping under Different Planting Densities in the Climatic Conditions of Shahrekord Evaluation of Forage Production Potential in Persian Clover-Crimson Clover Intercropping under Different Planting Densities in the Climatic Conditions of Shahrekord 93 107 100345 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.378281.655087 FA Mohammad Zamanian Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Foroud Salehi Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran Farid Golzardi Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Saeid Heydarzadeh Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 22 To investigate the effects of different intercropping patterns of Persian clover and crimson clover under two planting densities on forage yield and quality, a two-year experiment (2020-2022) was conducted in Shahrekord using a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors included five cropping systems with ratios of 0%-100%, 100%-0%, 75%-25%, 25%-75%, and 50%-50%, and two planting densities (20 and 25 kg seed ha^-1). The results showed that the highest dry matter digestibility (63.11%), dry matter intake (2.79%), total digestible nutrients (58.61%), ash (6.05%), water-soluble carbohydrates (6.68%), relative feed value (136.4%), net energy for lactation (1.43 Mcal kg^-1), and plant height (67.79 cm) were obtained in the intercropping system of 50% Persian clover + 50% crimson clover with a planting density of 20 kg ha^-1. The highest dry forage yield (6.60 ton ha^-1) was obtained in the crimson clover monoculture with a planting density of 25 kg ha^-1, whereas the maximum protein yield (0.85 ton ha^-1) was obtained in the 25% Persian clover +75% crimson clover cropping system with a planting density of 20 kg ha^-1. Overall, to achieve both optimal forage yield and quality, the intercropping system of 50% Persian clover + 50% crimson clover with a planting density of 20 kg ha^-1 is recommended. To investigate the effects of different intercropping patterns of Persian clover and crimson clover under two planting densities on forage yield and quality, a two-year experiment (2020-2022) was conducted in Shahrekord using a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors included five cropping systems with ratios of 0%-100%, 100%-0%, 75%-25%, 25%-75%, and 50%-50%, and two planting densities (20 and 25 kg seed ha^-1). The results showed that the highest dry matter digestibility (63.11%), dry matter intake (2.79%), total digestible nutrients (58.61%), ash (6.05%), water-soluble carbohydrates (6.68%), relative feed value (136.4%), net energy for lactation (1.43 Mcal kg^-1), and plant height (67.79 cm) were obtained in the intercropping system of 50% Persian clover + 50% crimson clover with a planting density of 20 kg ha^-1. The highest dry forage yield (6.60 ton ha^-1) was obtained in the crimson clover monoculture with a planting density of 25 kg ha^-1, whereas the maximum protein yield (0.85 ton ha^-1) was obtained in the 25% Persian clover +75% crimson clover cropping system with a planting density of 20 kg ha^-1. Overall, to achieve both optimal forage yield and quality, the intercropping system of 50% Persian clover + 50% crimson clover with a planting density of 20 kg ha^-1 is recommended. https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_100345_f0b0dec48f9f6adb2dc1027c3a4585d3.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 01 22 Investigating Physiological and Molecular Responses in Lines Obtained from Winter and Spring Wheat Crossing during Cold Acclimation Investigating Physiological and Molecular Responses in Lines Obtained from Winter and Spring Wheat Crossing during Cold Acclimation 109 122 100341 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.380706.655094 FA Saeedeh Mortajaei Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Reza Maali-Amiri Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Hassan Zeinali Khanghah Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2024 08 11 Cold is one of the important environmental factors involved in the survival, growth, and performance of crop plants. In this research, the traits related to cold tolerance were evaluated in the lines resulting from crossing Norstar (cold-tolerant) and Pishtaz (cold-sensitive) wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) in the vegetative stage (December, January, and February) under field conditions. Norstar parent and lines L2 and L1 showed the highest LT₅₀ degrees (-22, -20, and -18 ºC, respectively) in January. A decrease in cold tolerance was observed simultaneously with the beginning of the reproductive phase in February in all genotypes. Damage indices such as H₂O₂ and MDA were lower in winter lines than in spring lines. The content of H₂O₂ in the Norstar parent and lines L1 and L2 was low during cold acclimation periods, but increased with the transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. The high level of MDA in February, especially in spring genotypes, indicated the presence of oxidative stress and MDA. The activity of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and Δ12 desaturase genes increased with the continuation of the cold acclimation period; so that the highest increases were observed in winter lines and in January. Therefore, the genotypes with vernalization requirement by adjusting the traits related to cold tolerance in the vegetative stage have higher tolerance to cold stress. Cold is one of the important environmental factors involved in the survival, growth, and performance of crop plants. In this research, the traits related to cold tolerance were evaluated in the lines resulting from crossing Norstar (cold-tolerant) and Pishtaz (cold-sensitive) wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) in the vegetative stage (December, January, and February) under field conditions. Norstar parent and lines L2 and L1 showed the highest LT₅₀ degrees (-22, -20, and -18 ºC, respectively) in January. A decrease in cold tolerance was observed simultaneously with the beginning of the reproductive phase in February in all genotypes. Damage indices such as H₂O₂ and MDA were lower in winter lines than in spring lines. The content of H₂O₂ in the Norstar parent and lines L1 and L2 was low during cold acclimation periods, but increased with the transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. The high level of MDA in February, especially in spring genotypes, indicated the presence of oxidative stress and MDA. The activity of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and Δ12 desaturase genes increased with the continuation of the cold acclimation period; so that the highest increases were observed in winter lines and in January. Therefore, the genotypes with vernalization requirement by adjusting the traits related to cold tolerance in the vegetative stage have higher tolerance to cold stress. https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_100341_06e2e19c8fcec89f257334ddfe6e2207.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 03 21 The Effect of Foliar Application of Paulownia Nanofertilizer on Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Soybean under Different Levels of Irrigation The Effect of Foliar Application of Paulownia Nanofertilizer on Yield and Some Physiological Traits of Soybean under Different Levels of Irrigation 123 141 101561 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.374379.655072 FA Nasrin Ghamari Rahim Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran. Yousef Sohrabi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran. Journal Article 2024 04 30 To investigate the effect of foliar spraying of different concentrations of paulownia nanofertilizer on yield and some physiological traits of soybean under water deficit conditions, a pot experiment was conducted in 2018 in the greenhouse of Kurdistan University's Faculty of Agriculture. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three irrigation regimes of 100% (full irrigation), 80% (moderate stress) and 60% (severe stress) of the soil agricultural capacity as the levels of the first factor and different concentrations of foliar spraying (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 ppm) with nanofertilizer paulownia was considered as the second factor levels. The results showed that the amounts of traits related to soybean root growth decreased significantly with the occurrence and increase of drought stress intensity. Using concentrations of 30, 60, and 120 ppm under severe drought stress conditions, increased grain yield by 41, 39, and 38.2%, respectively, compared to control. Considering the positive effects of using paulonia nanofertilizer on increasing dry weight and root volume, plant osmotic regulation, improving relative water content, and the content of photosynthetic pigments of the plant, and finally increasing soybean yield, it can be stated that the use of this nanofertilizer at concentrations of 30, 60, and 120 ppm can be useful and effective in modulating the severe drought stress impact on soybean growth and yield. To investigate the effect of foliar spraying of different concentrations of paulownia nanofertilizer on yield and some physiological traits of soybean under water deficit conditions, a pot experiment was conducted in 2018 in the greenhouse of Kurdistan University's Faculty of Agriculture. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three irrigation regimes of 100% (full irrigation), 80% (moderate stress) and 60% (severe stress) of the soil agricultural capacity as the levels of the first factor and different concentrations of foliar spraying (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 ppm) with nanofertilizer paulownia was considered as the second factor levels. The results showed that the amounts of traits related to soybean root growth decreased significantly with the occurrence and increase of drought stress intensity. Using concentrations of 30, 60, and 120 ppm under severe drought stress conditions, increased grain yield by 41, 39, and 38.2%, respectively, compared to control. Considering the positive effects of using paulonia nanofertilizer on increasing dry weight and root volume, plant osmotic regulation, improving relative water content, and the content of photosynthetic pigments of the plant, and finally increasing soybean yield, it can be stated that the use of this nanofertilizer at concentrations of 30, 60, and 120 ppm can be useful and effective in modulating the severe drought stress impact on soybean growth and yield. https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_101561_c5634ddc81cca89ae9900b284d6fdc7c.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 56 1 2025 03 21 The Effects of Fe Fertilizer and Humic Acid on the Two Superior Rainfed Safflower Cultivars The Effects of Fe Fertilizer and Humic Acid on the Two Superior Rainfed Safflower Cultivars 143 155 101562 10.22059/ijfcs.2024.376438.655080 FA Aydin Tobeh Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Ahmad Tobeh Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Salim Farzaneh Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Journal Article 2024 05 14 To evaluate the effects of two types of fertilizers (iron fertilizer and humic acid) on the yield and physiological traits of two safflower cultivars, this research was conducted during the 2021–2022 growing season at the Agricultural Research Center of Ardabil. The main factor consisted of two safflower cultivars: Goldasht and Chinese (XYS). The experiment was arranged as a split-plot design within a randomized complete block framework with three replications. The sub-factor was fertilizer application with nine levels, including a control group, two levels of 95% humic acid (2 mg/L and 4 mg/L), two levels of 12% EDTA-chelated iron fertilizer (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L), and four levels of combined iron and humic acid fertilizers. Observations showed that the Goldasht cultivar, with a yield of 1462.5 kg/ha, significantly outperformed the Chinese cultivar, which yielded 1406.3 kg/ha. Among the fertilizer treatments, the highest yield (1694.1 kg/ha) was achieved with the combined application of the second level of iron fertilizer and the second level of humic acid. None of the treatments had a significant effect on seed oil percentage. It was observed that the combined foliar application of the second levels of both iron and humic acid fertilizers resulted in the highest chlorophyll content both before and after flowering, with values of 66 and 55.3, respectively. Overall, the Goldasht cultivar outperformed the Chinese cultivar, and among the fertilizer treatments, the combined application of the second levels of iron and humic acid fertilizers was identified as the most effective treatment. To evaluate the effects of two types of fertilizers (iron fertilizer and humic acid) on the yield and physiological traits of two safflower cultivars, this research was conducted during the 2021–2022 growing season at the Agricultural Research Center of Ardabil. The main factor consisted of two safflower cultivars: Goldasht and Chinese (XYS). The experiment was arranged as a split-plot design within a randomized complete block framework with three replications. The sub-factor was fertilizer application with nine levels, including a control group, two levels of 95% humic acid (2 mg/L and 4 mg/L), two levels of 12% EDTA-chelated iron fertilizer (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L), and four levels of combined iron and humic acid fertilizers. Observations showed that the Goldasht cultivar, with a yield of 1462.5 kg/ha, significantly outperformed the Chinese cultivar, which yielded 1406.3 kg/ha. Among the fertilizer treatments, the highest yield (1694.1 kg/ha) was achieved with the combined application of the second level of iron fertilizer and the second level of humic acid. None of the treatments had a significant effect on seed oil percentage. It was observed that the combined foliar application of the second levels of both iron and humic acid fertilizers resulted in the highest chlorophyll content both before and after flowering, with values of 66 and 55.3, respectively. Overall, the Goldasht cultivar outperformed the Chinese cultivar, and among the fertilizer treatments, the combined application of the second levels of iron and humic acid fertilizers was identified as the most effective treatment. https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_101562_f781548603e19f97819d66b06a48cbcb.pdf