Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Efficacy of blackleg )Leptosphaeria maculans( resistance genes transferred from pea (Pisum sativum) to canola (Brassica napus) Efficacy of blackleg )Leptosphaeria maculans( resistance genes transferred from pea (Pisum sativum) to canola (Brassica napus) 1 13 84638 10.22059/ijfcs.2020.240019.654370 FA Ahad Baghery Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran Alireza Abbasi Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3598-0419 Hasan Zeinali Khanghah Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran Valiollah Mohammadi Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6487-0740 Journal Article 2017 09 06 Blackleg caused by Leptosphaeria maculans is one of the important diseases widely affecting canola production worldwide. Effectiveness of three plant defence related genes transferred from pea (Pisum sativum) to canola was tested against blackleg in two experiments. In the first experiment, three transgenes including PR10.1, Chitinase, and DRR206 were transferred from transgenic Wester variety into four commercial cultivars (Apollo, Sentry, OAC Triton, and MillenniUM 03) via backcrossing to examine the effects of different genetic backgrounds on disease response. In the second experiment, to study the effect of gene pyramiding on level of disease resistance, three transgenic Wester lines were crossed. Cotyledon inoculation was performed for indoor disease screening tests of blackleg. DRR206 in Sentry and Chitinase×DRR206 appeared to be the best combinations conferring disease resistance. Overall, DRR206 had the highest impact on disease, probably due to delayed infection development. Promising lines of this research could be utilized in breeding programs and cultivar release projects after field trials. Blackleg caused by Leptosphaeria maculans is one of the important diseases widely affecting canola production worldwide. Effectiveness of three plant defence related genes transferred from pea (Pisum sativum) to canola was tested against blackleg in two experiments. In the first experiment, three transgenes including PR10.1, Chitinase, and DRR206 were transferred from transgenic Wester variety into four commercial cultivars (Apollo, Sentry, OAC Triton, and MillenniUM 03) via backcrossing to examine the effects of different genetic backgrounds on disease response. In the second experiment, to study the effect of gene pyramiding on level of disease resistance, three transgenic Wester lines were crossed. Cotyledon inoculation was performed for indoor disease screening tests of blackleg. DRR206 in Sentry and Chitinase×DRR206 appeared to be the best combinations conferring disease resistance. Overall, DRR206 had the highest impact on disease, probably due to delayed infection development. Promising lines of this research could be utilized in breeding programs and cultivar release projects after field trials.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84638_64fe7211323c8962662573169df89462.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Morphologic and biochemical evaluation of double haploid lines of the oil-medicinal plant Camelina sativa L. in Ahvaz condition Morphologic and biochemical evaluation of double haploid lines of the oil-medicinal plant Camelina sativa L. in Ahvaz condition 15 25 84705 10.22059/ijfcs.2020.311441.654759 FA Elahe Mafakher Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Payman Hassibi Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Danial Kahrizi Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Khosro Mehdi Khanlou Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2020 10 13 Recently discovered properties of Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) from Brassicaceae family, including low-inputs requirement, fast growth, essentials oil content with medicinal uses, significant content of linolenic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, have been paied tremendous attention by both agronomic and industrial sectors. To achieve the highest possible level of the above-mentioned properties, it is necessary to find the superior lines. For this purpose, the morphological and biochemical characteristics of 26 double haploid lines were compared in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the 2018 cropping year at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The results of variance analysis showed that all measured characteristics were significantly different at 1% of probability level. The mean comparison results indicated that DH39 line had the highest height and average grain weight per plant and the highest plant dry weight, oil percentage and saturated fatty acids were observed in DH44 line. DH14 and DH46 lines had maximum total protein and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. GC- mass analysis showed that DH22, DH39 and DH12 lines had the highest omega 3, 6, 9 fatty acids, respectively. Cluster analysis categorized the lines into 3 groups. Based on all results, a group containing DH07, DH14, DH21, DH32, DH39, DH41, DH44 and DH46 lines was chosen for further investigation. Recently discovered properties of Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) from Brassicaceae family, including low-inputs requirement, fast growth, essentials oil content with medicinal uses, significant content of linolenic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, have been paied tremendous attention by both agronomic and industrial sectors. To achieve the highest possible level of the above-mentioned properties, it is necessary to find the superior lines. For this purpose, the morphological and biochemical characteristics of 26 double haploid lines were compared in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the 2018 cropping year at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The results of variance analysis showed that all measured characteristics were significantly different at 1% of probability level. The mean comparison results indicated that DH39 line had the highest height and average grain weight per plant and the highest plant dry weight, oil percentage and saturated fatty acids were observed in DH44 line. DH14 and DH46 lines had maximum total protein and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. GC- mass analysis showed that DH22, DH39 and DH12 lines had the highest omega 3, 6, 9 fatty acids, respectively. Cluster analysis categorized the lines into 3 groups. Based on all results, a group containing DH07, DH14, DH21, DH32, DH39, DH41, DH44 and DH46 lines was chosen for further investigation.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84705_938e19cf8b4cab474ddea9f523c92c09.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Evaluation the nutrient content of different rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under the effect of Azotobacter and irrigation Evaluation the nutrient content of different rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under the effect of Azotobacter and irrigation 27 38 84741 10.22059/ijfcs.2020.311630.654762 FA Masoud Gholami Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran. Ahmad Koochekzadeh Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran. 0000-0003-4469-158X Ataallah Siadat Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran. Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran. 0000-0001-9016-0312 Masoud Rafiee Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran 0000-0003-0101-7659 Journal Article 2020 10 26 In order to evaluate the yield and nutrient accumulation in different cultivars of rapeseed under the effect of azotobacter in irrigation conditions, a factorial split experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications was conducted in Khorramabad agricultural research station in 2016-2017. Experimental factors included the withholding irrigation from 30% flowering and 30% pod forming, and normal irrigation (control) as the main plot and inoculation of Neptune, Oktane and Okapi rapeseed cultivar seeds with azotobacter strains (63, 70) and non inoculation (control)as subplots. The results showed that the irrigation regimes had a significant effect on grain yield and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese in shoot and seeds. The effect of azotobacter was significant on all nutrients (except magnesium) uptake in green tissue and seeds. The interaction effects of irrigation regime, bacteria and cultivar were significant on phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc levels in shoot and grain. Maximum grain yield was obtained from optimal irrigation treatment with 4559 kg.ha-1. It was found that Oktane and Neptune cultivars with 4584 and 4290 kg grain.ha-1were superior compared to okapi cultivar. With regards to the positive effect of potassium concentration and inoculation of rapeseed seeds with azotobacter due to its solubilizing properties, increasing the application of potassium in soil and seed inoculation can moderate the negative effects of stress and improve grain yield in rapeseed. In order to evaluate the yield and nutrient accumulation in different cultivars of rapeseed under the effect of azotobacter in irrigation conditions, a factorial split experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications was conducted in Khorramabad agricultural research station in 2016-2017. Experimental factors included the withholding irrigation from 30% flowering and 30% pod forming, and normal irrigation (control) as the main plot and inoculation of Neptune, Oktane and Okapi rapeseed cultivar seeds with azotobacter strains (63, 70) and non inoculation (control)as subplots. The results showed that the irrigation regimes had a significant effect on grain yield and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese in shoot and seeds. The effect of azotobacter was significant on all nutrients (except magnesium) uptake in green tissue and seeds. The interaction effects of irrigation regime, bacteria and cultivar were significant on phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc levels in shoot and grain. Maximum grain yield was obtained from optimal irrigation treatment with 4559 kg.ha-1. It was found that Oktane and Neptune cultivars with 4584 and 4290 kg grain.ha-1were superior compared to okapi cultivar. With regards to the positive effect of potassium concentration and inoculation of rapeseed seeds with azotobacter due to its solubilizing properties, increasing the application of potassium in soil and seed inoculation can moderate the negative effects of stress and improve grain yield in rapeseed.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84741_74fb72c724ed41477a7482afdbb534a9.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Effect of potassium silicate, calcium chloride and nanosilicate on yield, yield components, photosynthetic pigments and proline in sweet corn under differentirrigation regimes Effect of potassium silicate, calcium chloride and nanosilicate on yield, yield components, photosynthetic pigments and proline in sweet corn under differentirrigation regimes 39 54 87204 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.284502.654624 FA Tahereh Drikvand Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat modares University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2037-0271 Majid Aghaalikhani Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ali Heidarzadeh Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Iran 0000-0001-6680-9257 Journal Article 2020 08 11 Effect of potassium-silicate, calcium chloride and nano-silicate spray was investigated on yield, yield components and some physiological properties of sweet corn under irrigation regimes in a split plot experiment based on a complete block design with three replications in 2017. Experimental treatments were irrigation regimes as optimal irrigation, moderate and severe water deficit stresses, irrigation after 35%, 55% and 75% depletion of available water in the root zone as the main factor and foliar applications of 1000 and 2000 ppm potassium silicate and calcium chloride , 1000 ppm nano-silica, pure water and without foliar application as sub plots. The highest grain (6588 kg ha-1), biomass (36050 kg ha-1) and dry forage (30417 kg ha-1) yields were obtained from the main effect of foliar application of 1000 ppm potassium silicate. In water deficit conditions, application of potassium silicate significantly increased grain yield, so that potassium silicate in optimal irrigation conditions, moderate and severe irrigation increased grain yield 7, 25 and 49% compared to non-foliar application, respectively. In intensive irrigation regime the conditions, these increases were -9.29 and 9.82%, for calcium chloride and nano-silica, compared to the control (without foliar). Therefore, according to the results of this study, it can be stated that foliar application of potassium silicate was more efficient in deficit irrigation conditions in sweet corn. Effect of potassium-silicate, calcium chloride and nano-silicate spray was investigated on yield, yield components and some physiological properties of sweet corn under irrigation regimes in a split plot experiment based on a complete block design with three replications in 2017. Experimental treatments were irrigation regimes as optimal irrigation, moderate and severe water deficit stresses, irrigation after 35%, 55% and 75% depletion of available water in the root zone as the main factor and foliar applications of 1000 and 2000 ppm potassium silicate and calcium chloride , 1000 ppm nano-silica, pure water and without foliar application as sub plots. The highest grain (6588 kg ha-1), biomass (36050 kg ha-1) and dry forage (30417 kg ha-1) yields were obtained from the main effect of foliar application of 1000 ppm potassium silicate. In water deficit conditions, application of potassium silicate significantly increased grain yield, so that potassium silicate in optimal irrigation conditions, moderate and severe irrigation increased grain yield 7, 25 and 49% compared to non-foliar application, respectively. In intensive irrigation regime the conditions, these increases were -9.29 and 9.82%, for calcium chloride and nano-silica, compared to the control (without foliar). Therefore, according to the results of this study, it can be stated that foliar application of potassium silicate was more efficient in deficit irrigation conditions in sweet corn.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_87204_743f07e24d92c7693ffe8009689e52cd.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Effect of humic and salicylic acids spraying on some morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in different levels of irrigation Effect of humic and salicylic acids spraying on some morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in different levels of irrigation 55 67 84742 10.22059/ijfcs.2020.311183.654757 FA Mohammad Behzad Amiri Department of Agriculture, University of Gonabad 0009-0004-4225-8074 Yaser Esmaeilian Department of Agriculture, University of Gonabad, Iran 0000-0002-3367-7064 Mahin Alboghobiesh Department of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2020 10 22 In order to evaluate the effect of humic and salicylic acids spraying on some morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), a split split plots experiment based on RCBD design with three replications was conducted in 2015-2016 growing seasons, in University of Gonabad, Iran. The main plots, sup plots and sub sub plots included different levels of irrigation in three levels (full irrigation, cuting irrigation at flowering stage and grain filling in the end of growth season stages), humic acid in two levels (0 and 6 liter.ha-1) and salicylic acid in two levels (0 and 1 mMol), respectively. The results showed that cutting irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages decreased seed yield 30% and 51% compared to control, respectively; while it did not effect on biological performance and harvest index. Simultaneous application of humic and salicylic acids improved most of the studied traits, so that the highest plant height (207.16 cm), tiller number per plant (1.88), seed number per panicle (1854), 1000 seeds weight (40.20 g) and seed yield (2838.67 kg.ha-1) in application of humic and salicylic acids treatment in the full irrigation conditions were obtained. Cross-sectional stress treatment in the grain filling stage and non-application of humic and salicylic acids had the highest rate of harvest index (29.47%). The highest biological yield (15802.7 kg.ha-1) was obtained under full irrigation and humic and salicylic acids application conditions. Also, the most positive and significant correlation was observed between seed number per panicle and the plant height (r= 0.97**) . According to the results of this research, it is recommended touse 6 liter.ha-1 humic acid and 1 mmol salicylic acid spraying to improve growth and yield of sorghum plant in drought stress conditions. In order to evaluate the effect of humic and salicylic acids spraying on some morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), a split split plots experiment based on RCBD design with three replications was conducted in 2015-2016 growing seasons, in University of Gonabad, Iran. The main plots, sup plots and sub sub plots included different levels of irrigation in three levels (full irrigation, cuting irrigation at flowering stage and grain filling in the end of growth season stages), humic acid in two levels (0 and 6 liter.ha-1) and salicylic acid in two levels (0 and 1 mMol), respectively. The results showed that cutting irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages decreased seed yield 30% and 51% compared to control, respectively; while it did not effect on biological performance and harvest index. Simultaneous application of humic and salicylic acids improved most of the studied traits, so that the highest plant height (207.16 cm), tiller number per plant (1.88), seed number per panicle (1854), 1000 seeds weight (40.20 g) and seed yield (2838.67 kg.ha-1) in application of humic and salicylic acids treatment in the full irrigation conditions were obtained. Cross-sectional stress treatment in the grain filling stage and non-application of humic and salicylic acids had the highest rate of harvest index (29.47%). The highest biological yield (15802.7 kg.ha-1) was obtained under full irrigation and humic and salicylic acids application conditions. Also, the most positive and significant correlation was observed between seed number per panicle and the plant height (r= 0.97**) . According to the results of this research, it is recommended touse 6 liter.ha-1 humic acid and 1 mmol salicylic acid spraying to improve growth and yield of sorghum plant in drought stress conditions.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84742_70293bdc9468802e4edd3c569c462597.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters response of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes to freezing stress The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters response of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes to freezing stress 69 83 84743 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.313523.654771 FA Jafar Nabati Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran 0000-0003-0483-7003 Ahmad Nezami Faculty of Agriculture and Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0001-9490-6935 Syadeh Mahbobe Mirmiran Khorasan-e-razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran Alireza Hasanfard Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran 0000-0002-5256-6394 Mohammad Javad Ahmadi Lahijani Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2020 11 15 A factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out to evaluate the freezing tolerance of 40 lentil genotypes, at the Research Center for Plant Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in 2017-2018. The status of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was studied in eight genotypes (seven tolerant: MLC11, MLC12, MLC17, MLC38, MLC95, MLC409, and MLC410 and one intolerant: MLC9) and five time periods (before stress, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours) exposed to freezing temperatures (-13, -15 and -18°C) for one hour. The results showed that the value of F'm in MLC409, 72 hours after freezing stress, was slightly different from its value in the early hours. The maximum efficiency of photosystem II (F′v/F′m) was not affected by temperature decline from -13 to -18°C. MLC9 F′v/F′m, however, decreased by 26% when the temperature declined from -13 to -18°C. Furthermore, F′v/F′m decreased by 14% at -18°C 24h after the freezing stress, which was the greatest decrease compared to -13 and -15°C. However, 48 h after freezing stress, the optimal recovery trend was evident at all temperatures. Although the operational efficiency of photosystem II (F′q/F′m) decreased at all three temperatures, 24 h after the freezing stress, this decrease was greater at -18°C than at other temperatures. Except for the MLC9, other genotypes, especially MLC12, could improve freezing stress damage 24 h after stress and gradually return to F′v/F′m before freezing stress. In general, the freezing-tolerant genotypes and in addition to the survival rate of more than 80% at -18°C, showed a high potential to restore the photosystemII performance, which can be considered for further studies for autumn cultivation in cold and highland regions.. A factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out to evaluate the freezing tolerance of 40 lentil genotypes, at the Research Center for Plant Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in 2017-2018. The status of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was studied in eight genotypes (seven tolerant: MLC11, MLC12, MLC17, MLC38, MLC95, MLC409, and MLC410 and one intolerant: MLC9) and five time periods (before stress, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours) exposed to freezing temperatures (-13, -15 and -18°C) for one hour. The results showed that the value of F'm in MLC409, 72 hours after freezing stress, was slightly different from its value in the early hours. The maximum efficiency of photosystem II (F′v/F′m) was not affected by temperature decline from -13 to -18°C. MLC9 F′v/F′m, however, decreased by 26% when the temperature declined from -13 to -18°C. Furthermore, F′v/F′m decreased by 14% at -18°C 24h after the freezing stress, which was the greatest decrease compared to -13 and -15°C. However, 48 h after freezing stress, the optimal recovery trend was evident at all temperatures. Although the operational efficiency of photosystem II (F′q/F′m) decreased at all three temperatures, 24 h after the freezing stress, this decrease was greater at -18°C than at other temperatures. Except for the MLC9, other genotypes, especially MLC12, could improve freezing stress damage 24 h after stress and gradually return to F′v/F′m before freezing stress. In general, the freezing-tolerant genotypes and in addition to the survival rate of more than 80% at -18°C, showed a high potential to restore the photosystemII performance, which can be considered for further studies for autumn cultivation in cold and highland regions..

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84743_9b5083f7c90ee000e434e22dd75f0bfd.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Effect of micronutrients spraying and planting density on yield and yield components of red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Karaj conditions Effect of micronutrients spraying and planting density on yield and yield components of red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Karaj conditions 85 96 84745 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.312765.654769 FA Esmaeil Afshoon Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Iran 0009-0001-6645-6209 Naser Majnoun Hosseini Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2807-9673 Khyrolla Bayati Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Crop Ecology, Isfahan University of Technology Ehsan Rabieian Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Iran Iman Khaldari Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Karaj, 0000-0002-9651-3534 Journal Article 2020 11 10 To evaluate the effects of micro-nutrients foliar application and plant density on two bean genotypes, an experiment was conducted in split factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University in 2015. Foliar spraying in four levels (control (water), ferrous sulfate (2 g.L-1), zinc sulfate (2 g.L-1), and mixture of ferrous sulfate and zinc (2 g.L-1)) was the main factor and different levels of plant density (20, 30 and 40 plants per square meter) as well as two bean genotypes (varieties Akhtar and D81083 Line) were considered as sub-plot factors. The results showed that compared to control, foliar application increased 32.12 and 30.47% of grain yield in D81083 line and Akhtar cultivar, respectively. Simultaneous foliar application of iron and zinc micronutrient fertilizers significantly increased the studied traits in both genotypes. Akhtar cultivar did not show a significant difference in terms of grain yield between densities of 30 and 40 plants per square meter, but at the density of 30 plants per square meter, D81083 line had a higher yield than the other two densities. In general, the results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from simultaneous foliar application of iron and zinc in D81083 line with a density of 30 plants per square meter. To evaluate the effects of micro-nutrients foliar application and plant density on two bean genotypes, an experiment was conducted in split factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University in 2015. Foliar spraying in four levels (control (water), ferrous sulfate (2 g.L-1), zinc sulfate (2 g.L-1), and mixture of ferrous sulfate and zinc (2 g.L-1)) was the main factor and different levels of plant density (20, 30 and 40 plants per square meter) as well as two bean genotypes (varieties Akhtar and D81083 Line) were considered as sub-plot factors. The results showed that compared to control, foliar application increased 32.12 and 30.47% of grain yield in D81083 line and Akhtar cultivar, respectively. Simultaneous foliar application of iron and zinc micronutrient fertilizers significantly increased the studied traits in both genotypes. Akhtar cultivar did not show a significant difference in terms of grain yield between densities of 30 and 40 plants per square meter, but at the density of 30 plants per square meter, D81083 line had a higher yield than the other two densities. In general, the results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from simultaneous foliar application of iron and zinc in D81083 line with a density of 30 plants per square meter.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84745_dcff0b8dbd2a160ac24e366ba89b1840.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Efficiency of herbicide as affected by field environmental temperature and moisture in Wheat Efficiency of herbicide as affected by field environmental temperature and moisture in Wheat 97 111 84708 10.22059/ijfcs.2020.300522.654709 FA Mohamad Amin Gasam Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran. Hassan Alizadeh Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-5685-6567 Mostafa Oveisi Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-0742-5485 Mohammad Ali Baghestani Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 01 In order to evaluate the efficacy of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron + diflufenican (Othello OD( herbicide doses under temperature and soil moisture conditions in the control of wheat weeds, field experiments were carried out in Fars and Alborz provinces during 2017 to 2018. Treatments included spraying at different times after irrigation (different soil moisture conditions) as main plots in three levels (2 and 7 days after irrigation and 1 day before next irrigation), dose of herbicide as a subplot at 6 levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommended dose), and spraying day time as sub-sub plots at two levels (7-8 am, and 11-12am). The results showed that in the condition that moisture had provided after spraying, reduced doses of these herbicides were more effective in reducing the dry weight of broad leaves weeds than other conditions. 33, 66 and 99 g ai/ha herbicide doses (25, 50 and 75% of recommended concentration), especially in 2 days after irrigation and 1 day before irrigation treatments, weed dry weight of grass weeds had more difference than 7 days after irrigation conditions, compared to control treatment. Under normal moisture conditions (field capacity), the reduced concentrations were more efficient in controlling the weeds and the higher moisture stress resulted in the lower efficiency of the reduced concentrations.. In order to evaluate the efficacy of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron + diflufenican (Othello OD( herbicide doses under temperature and soil moisture conditions in the control of wheat weeds, field experiments were carried out in Fars and Alborz provinces during 2017 to 2018. Treatments included spraying at different times after irrigation (different soil moisture conditions) as main plots in three levels (2 and 7 days after irrigation and 1 day before next irrigation), dose of herbicide as a subplot at 6 levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommended dose), and spraying day time as sub-sub plots at two levels (7-8 am, and 11-12am). The results showed that in the condition that moisture had provided after spraying, reduced doses of these herbicides were more effective in reducing the dry weight of broad leaves weeds than other conditions. 33, 66 and 99 g ai/ha herbicide doses (25, 50 and 75% of recommended concentration), especially in 2 days after irrigation and 1 day before irrigation treatments, weed dry weight of grass weeds had more difference than 7 days after irrigation conditions, compared to control treatment. Under normal moisture conditions (field capacity), the reduced concentrations were more efficient in controlling the weeds and the higher moisture stress resulted in the lower efficiency of the reduced concentrations..

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84708_046158f3d57633a07ccec00b8328f9c1.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Evaluation of grain yield and quality of quinoa cultivars as affected by planting date and plant density in Jupar region of kerman Evaluation of grain yield and quality of quinoa cultivars as affected by planting date and plant density in Jupar region of kerman 113 129 84746 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.311672.654761 FA Hamid Najafinezhad Agricultural and Horticultural Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran. Nader Koohi Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran Davood Darvishi . Forests and Rangelands Research Department , Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2020 10 12 In order to evaluate the effect of planting date and plant density on grain yield and quality of four quinoa cultivars (Chenopodium quinoa willd.), an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design arranged in a split factorial was used with four replications in two years (2018 &2019) at the Agricultural Research Station located, Jupar region, Kerman, Iran. . Experimental treatments consisted of planting dates (24 July, 8 August and 23 August) as main plots and cultivars (Giza1,Titicaca, Q12 and Q18) and plant density (16.6 and 33.3 plant m-2) as sub plots. The highest grain yield was produced at August, 8, compared to the other dates. The average grain yield of Giza1, Titicaca, Q12 and Q18 cultivars were 2484, 2239, 2547, and 2881 kg ha-1, respectively. Lodging was observed in cultivar Q18 in all planting dates. Giza1 cultivar with the average of 18.23% crude protein and 94.12 mg kg-1 iron had better grain quality than other cultivars. The highest and lowest harvest index (0.35 and 0.26) belonged to Q12 and Titicaca cultivars, respectively. Giza1 and Q12 cultivars were the earliest and latest cultivars with 82 and 99 days of the growing season respectively. Based on the results, Q12 cultivation on August 8 and Giza1 on August 23 with plant density of 33.3 plant m-2 is recommended for Jupar region of Kerman. In order to evaluate the effect of planting date and plant density on grain yield and quality of four quinoa cultivars (Chenopodium quinoa willd.), an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design arranged in a split factorial was used with four replications in two years (2018 &2019) at the Agricultural Research Station located, Jupar region, Kerman, Iran. . Experimental treatments consisted of planting dates (24 July, 8 August and 23 August) as main plots and cultivars (Giza1,Titicaca, Q12 and Q18) and plant density (16.6 and 33.3 plant m-2) as sub plots. The highest grain yield was produced at August, 8, compared to the other dates. The average grain yield of Giza1, Titicaca, Q12 and Q18 cultivars were 2484, 2239, 2547, and 2881 kg ha-1, respectively. Lodging was observed in cultivar Q18 in all planting dates. Giza1 cultivar with the average of 18.23% crude protein and 94.12 mg kg-1 iron had better grain quality than other cultivars. The highest and lowest harvest index (0.35 and 0.26) belonged to Q12 and Titicaca cultivars, respectively. Giza1 and Q12 cultivars were the earliest and latest cultivars with 82 and 99 days of the growing season respectively. Based on the results, Q12 cultivation on August 8 and Giza1 on August 23 with plant density of 33.3 plant m-2 is recommended for Jupar region of Kerman.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84746_00b5315b28ab5eb83128664d27849313.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Effect of gibberellic acid solution spraying on the source strength and stem storage of wheat cultivar Effect of gibberellic acid solution spraying on the source strength and stem storage of wheat cultivar 131 148 86894 10.22059/ijfcs.2020.298730.654693 FA Vida Kardgar Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Iran. Ali Ahmadi Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Iran. 0000-0003-0044-2645 Alireza Abbasi Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Iran. 0000-0003-3598-0419 Journal Article 2020 03 06 This study has been conducted to recognize some of the physiological mechanisms related to the storage in different wheat cultivars as a split-plot experiment in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, in Karaj, during two crop years of 2014-2016. Experimental treatments consisted of 22 wheat cultivars as the main plots and gibberellic acid (GA3) at two levels (0 mg/L (control) and 100 mg/L) as the sub plots. Results showed that gibberellic acid spraying significantly increased stem dry and specific weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and grain yield in different wheat cultivars in both experimental years. Among these traits, the shoot dry weight had the highest response to gibberellic acid spraying. There was also a significant positive correlation between stem dry and stem specific weights and remobilization in different cultivars under gibberellic acid spraying condition. Shabrang and Dez cultivars had the highest storage related traits (stem dry and specific weights) under gibberellic acid spraying condition which resulted in higher grain yield. These cultivars had the highest grain yield due to higher stem reserves remobilization capacity. In this study, exogenous application of gibberellic acid has generally strengthened the stem storage capacity, source strength and yield in different wheat cultivars. This study has been conducted to recognize some of the physiological mechanisms related to the storage in different wheat cultivars as a split-plot experiment in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, in Karaj, during two crop years of 2014-2016. Experimental treatments consisted of 22 wheat cultivars as the main plots and gibberellic acid (GA3) at two levels (0 mg/L (control) and 100 mg/L) as the sub plots. Results showed that gibberellic acid spraying significantly increased stem dry and specific weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and grain yield in different wheat cultivars in both experimental years. Among these traits, the shoot dry weight had the highest response to gibberellic acid spraying. There was also a significant positive correlation between stem dry and stem specific weights and remobilization in different cultivars under gibberellic acid spraying condition. Shabrang and Dez cultivars had the highest storage related traits (stem dry and specific weights) under gibberellic acid spraying condition which resulted in higher grain yield. These cultivars had the highest grain yield due to higher stem reserves remobilization capacity. In this study, exogenous application of gibberellic acid has generally strengthened the stem storage capacity, source strength and yield in different wheat cultivars.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_86894_ce530aa344a3d3feecdc6912fbc3f660.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 . Effect of cytokinin application on photosynthesis, gas exchange and seed yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under drought stress condition . Effect of cytokinin application on photosynthesis, gas exchange and seed yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under drought stress condition 149 160 87169 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.314382.654777 FA Leyli Golchin Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, University of Zanjan, Iran Afshin Tavakoli Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, University of Zanjan, Iran 0000-0003-3585-6768 Ehsan Mohsenifard Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, University of Zanjan, Iran Journal Article 2020 11 30 In order to evaluate the possibility of photosynthesis, gas exchange and chlorophyll content improvement of safflower by cytokinin application, a split factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, University of Zanjan, during 2019-2020 growing season. In this experiment, irrigation levels included optimal irrigation and drought stress were the main plots (soil water potential: -0.4 and -2 MPa as control and drought stress treatments) and safflower cultivars (i.e Sina, Faraman, Parnyan, Gholdasht and Mahaly Esfahan), and three levels of cytokinin, (i. e no- application (control), 50 and 75 μM) were subplots. Drought stress was applied in the flowering stage and simultaneously, safflower plants were sprayed with cytokinin. The results showed that drought stress caused an increased in the intercellular CO2 concentration (10%) and decreased transpiration rate (30.3%), stomatal conductance (46.4%), photosynthesis rate (41.1%), carboxylation efficiency (42.8%), Photosynthetic water use efficiency (14.4%), chlorophyll content and seed yield (40.17). Also, Parnian cultivar was more tolerant than other cultivars to drought stress condition. In contrast, cytokinin application minimized the negative effects of drought stress and increased the above traits. The highest seed yield was obtained by application of 75 μM of cytokinin (3494kg/ha) in drought stress condition (34/1% compared to the control). Therefore, cytokinin application can be suggested to decrease drought stress negative effects and enhance seed yield of safflower under optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions. In order to evaluate the possibility of photosynthesis, gas exchange and chlorophyll content improvement of safflower by cytokinin application, a split factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, University of Zanjan, during 2019-2020 growing season. In this experiment, irrigation levels included optimal irrigation and drought stress were the main plots (soil water potential: -0.4 and -2 MPa as control and drought stress treatments) and safflower cultivars (i.e Sina, Faraman, Parnyan, Gholdasht and Mahaly Esfahan), and three levels of cytokinin, (i. e no- application (control), 50 and 75 μM) were subplots. Drought stress was applied in the flowering stage and simultaneously, safflower plants were sprayed with cytokinin. The results showed that drought stress caused an increased in the intercellular CO2 concentration (10%) and decreased transpiration rate (30.3%), stomatal conductance (46.4%), photosynthesis rate (41.1%), carboxylation efficiency (42.8%), Photosynthetic water use efficiency (14.4%), chlorophyll content and seed yield (40.17). Also, Parnian cultivar was more tolerant than other cultivars to drought stress condition. In contrast, cytokinin application minimized the negative effects of drought stress and increased the above traits. The highest seed yield was obtained by application of 75 μM of cytokinin (3494kg/ha) in drought stress condition (34/1% compared to the control). Therefore, cytokinin application can be suggested to decrease drought stress negative effects and enhance seed yield of safflower under optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_87169_1461c17179e1cb31940baf947073b76e.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Genetic diversity and selection of durum wheat pure lines with desirable agronomy traits using SIIG index Genetic diversity and selection of durum wheat pure lines with desirable agronomy traits using SIIG index 161 174 87170 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.298388.654691 FA Manoochehr Dastfal Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Darab, Iran Mostafa Aghaee-Sarbarzeh Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Hassan Zali Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Darab, Iran Journal Article 2020 03 01 In order to study the genetic diversity and selection of superior durum wheat lines, 120 pure lines were investigated in augmented non-repetition design, with two control (Shabrang and Hanna lines), in the Darab Agricultural Research Station field in 2017-18, using SIIG method. SIIG was used to select the best lines in terms of morphological traits. The results of the correlation showed that grain yield (YLD) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) had the significant correlation with SIIG (0.850** and 0.626**), respectively. These findings showed that YLD and TKW have the most impact on the value of SIIG method, respectively. Therefore, selected genotypes with SIIG method will have high YLD and TKW. The studied lines were grouped into 7 categories based on this index. Lines of groups 1, 2 and 3 were the best lines with the SIIG highest value, respectively, and the possibility of obtaining top lines from this group is very high. The results of SIIG index showed that 137, 19, 20, 136 and 143 lines with SIIG values 0.819, 0.808, 0.796, 0.796 and 0.794, respectively were the best lines, but 20 and 143 lines were recognized as the superior lines due to earlier. Genotypes of group 4 were the middle lines. Lines of groups 5, 6 and 7 with the lowest SIIG values were the weak lines. Finally, the results showed that SIIG method was able to group the studied lines simultaneously based on YLD, TKW and DHA and distinguish their distance. In order to study the genetic diversity and selection of superior durum wheat lines, 120 pure lines were investigated in augmented non-repetition design, with two control (Shabrang and Hanna lines), in the Darab Agricultural Research Station field in 2017-18, using SIIG method. SIIG was used to select the best lines in terms of morphological traits. The results of the correlation showed that grain yield (YLD) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) had the significant correlation with SIIG (0.850** and 0.626**), respectively. These findings showed that YLD and TKW have the most impact on the value of SIIG method, respectively. Therefore, selected genotypes with SIIG method will have high YLD and TKW. The studied lines were grouped into 7 categories based on this index. Lines of groups 1, 2 and 3 were the best lines with the SIIG highest value, respectively, and the possibility of obtaining top lines from this group is very high. The results of SIIG index showed that 137, 19, 20, 136 and 143 lines with SIIG values 0.819, 0.808, 0.796, 0.796 and 0.794, respectively were the best lines, but 20 and 143 lines were recognized as the superior lines due to earlier. Genotypes of group 4 were the middle lines. Lines of groups 5, 6 and 7 with the lowest SIIG values were the weak lines. Finally, the results showed that SIIG method was able to group the studied lines simultaneously based on YLD, TKW and DHA and distinguish their distance.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_87170_0db9e202e8d6a9b6b54d08ffa0f91b9f.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Effects of nitrogen rate and supplemental irrigation time on yield and agro-morphological traits of spring wheat Effects of nitrogen rate and supplemental irrigation time on yield and agro-morphological traits of spring wheat 175 188 87864 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.318392.654800 FA Hossein Vaziri Department of Agronomy, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Mohammad Reza Dadashi Department of Agronomy, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Hossein AjamNorozi Department of Agronomy, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Afshin Soltani Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Saeed Yarahmadi Horticulture-Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran Journal Article 2021 02 07 In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen rate and time of irrigation on the grain yield and yield components of wheat, an experimental was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aliabad Katoul Emam Khomeini agriculture high school during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Irrigation time was in the main plots (no irrigation and irrigation at 33and 70 zadoks stages) and nitrogen rate was in the sub plot (zero, 57.5 and 115 kg N/ha from urea source). Significant interaction was not observed between irrigation treatments and nitrogen rates in almost all traits. The highest yield was obtained using a supplementary irrigation in 70 Zadox stage and 115 kg of pure nitrogen treatments. Grain yield had a positive correlation with biological yield, spike length snd weight, number of seeds per spike and seed weight per spike. Factor analysis revealed that the first two factors explained 74.5% of the total variation. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that only the spike weight entered the model and justified 80.7% of the grain yield variation alone. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen rate and time of irrigation on the grain yield and yield components of wheat, an experimental was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aliabad Katoul Emam Khomeini agriculture high school during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Irrigation time was in the main plots (no irrigation and irrigation at 33and 70 zadoks stages) and nitrogen rate was in the sub plot (zero, 57.5 and 115 kg N/ha from urea source). Significant interaction was not observed between irrigation treatments and nitrogen rates in almost all traits. The highest yield was obtained using a supplementary irrigation in 70 Zadox stage and 115 kg of pure nitrogen treatments. Grain yield had a positive correlation with biological yield, spike length snd weight, number of seeds per spike and seed weight per spike. Factor analysis revealed that the first two factors explained 74.5% of the total variation. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that only the spike weight entered the model and justified 80.7% of the grain yield variation alone.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_87864_e364236bcb7c81cc145c1e649b828f74.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Effect of some of growth stimulants and different levels of chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of maize Effect of some of growth stimulants and different levels of chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of maize 189 200 87865 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.320634.654812 FA Hashem Ebrahimi Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Mohammad Nabi Ilkaei Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Mohamadmehdi Tehrani Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Farzad Paknejad Department of Agronomy, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. 0000-0003-0951-2072 Majid Basirt Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2021 03 19 In order to evaluate the effect of plant growth stimulants and levels of chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn, a factorial field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications and 21 treatments at research field of Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Karaj, Iran, during 2019. The studied factors included different levels of fertilizer (application of 100% fertilizer required by the plant, application of 75% fertilizer required by the plant, and no fertilizer (control)) and different growth stimulants (foliar application of amino acid, seaweed and fulvic acid, humic acid fertigation, humic acid fertigation + foliar application of seaweed + amino acid, and no growth stimulants (control)). The results showed that the highest straw and biological yields were obtained from 75% fertilizer application with seaweed foliar application treatment, so that they were 10.33% and 11.85% more than the control, respectively. Also, 100% application of chemical fertilizer and humic acid fertigation, 100% chemical fertilizer application with combination of humic acid fertigation + seaweed foliar + amino acid foliar, and 75% chemical fertilizer application with seaweed foliar application treatments, produced 27%. 57%, 24.60%, and 23.83% grain yield higher than the control. According to the results of this experiment, not only seaweed application improved the yield, but also reduced the use of chemical fertilizers required by 25% without reducing the yield of the plant. Therefore, seaweed foliar application is recommended. In order to evaluate the effect of plant growth stimulants and levels of chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn, a factorial field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications and 21 treatments at research field of Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Karaj, Iran, during 2019. The studied factors included different levels of fertilizer (application of 100% fertilizer required by the plant, application of 75% fertilizer required by the plant, and no fertilizer (control)) and different growth stimulants (foliar application of amino acid, seaweed and fulvic acid, humic acid fertigation, humic acid fertigation + foliar application of seaweed + amino acid, and no growth stimulants (control)). The results showed that the highest straw and biological yields were obtained from 75% fertilizer application with seaweed foliar application treatment, so that they were 10.33% and 11.85% more than the control, respectively. Also, 100% application of chemical fertilizer and humic acid fertigation, 100% chemical fertilizer application with combination of humic acid fertigation + seaweed foliar + amino acid foliar, and 75% chemical fertilizer application with seaweed foliar application treatments, produced 27%. 57%, 24.60%, and 23.83% grain yield higher than the control. According to the results of this experiment, not only seaweed application improved the yield, but also reduced the use of chemical fertilizers required by 25% without reducing the yield of the plant. Therefore, seaweed foliar application is recommended.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_87865_bda464ce371c627866511f03f83a3d83.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Changes in total phenol content, photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in response to different concentrations of abscisic acid and three moisture regimes Changes in total phenol content, photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in response to different concentrations of abscisic acid and three moisture regimes 201 217 84744 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.299180.654699 FA Vahideh Khaleghnezhad Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran Alireza Yousefi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran 0000-0003-1877-4760 Afshin Tavakoli Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran 0000-0003-3585-6768 Bahman Farajmand Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Iran Journal Article 2020 03 10 Drought is the major cause of yield reduction in the arid and semi-arid regions. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the responses of plants to environmental stresses such as drought. This experiment was carried out as split plot based on complete random block design at research farm of University of Zanjan, during 2016 growth season to evaluate the effect of drought and ABA on total phenol content and some physiological traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Three moisture regimes (well- watered, moderate drought with delay irrigation up to -0.8MPa and severe drought with delay irrigation up to -1.5MPa) were the main plots and five ABA concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 µM) were subplots. The effect of moisture regimes, ABA and their interaction were significant for the studied traits. Without ABA application, drought stress reduced the plant total chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, mesophilic conductivity and transpiration. ABA application reduced the studied gas exchange traits. Overall, ABA decreased physiological parameters and seed yield by intensifying the drought stress effect. According to the results, without ABA application, moderate and severe drought conditions increased the total phenol content compared to the irrigation condition and application of ABA increased the total phenol content under moderate and severe drought conditions. Since the most active substance in dragonhead is phenolic compounds, it seems that the plant total phenol content can be increased by applying drought condition and ABA application. Drought is the major cause of yield reduction in the arid and semi-arid regions. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the responses of plants to environmental stresses such as drought. This experiment was carried out as split plot based on complete random block design at research farm of University of Zanjan, during 2016 growth season to evaluate the effect of drought and ABA on total phenol content and some physiological traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Three moisture regimes (well- watered, moderate drought with delay irrigation up to -0.8MPa and severe drought with delay irrigation up to -1.5MPa) were the main plots and five ABA concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 µM) were subplots. The effect of moisture regimes, ABA and their interaction were significant for the studied traits. Without ABA application, drought stress reduced the plant total chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, mesophilic conductivity and transpiration. ABA application reduced the studied gas exchange traits. Overall, ABA decreased physiological parameters and seed yield by intensifying the drought stress effect. According to the results, without ABA application, moderate and severe drought conditions increased the total phenol content compared to the irrigation condition and application of ABA increased the total phenol content under moderate and severe drought conditions. Since the most active substance in dragonhead is phenolic compounds, it seems that the plant total phenol content can be increased by applying drought condition and ABA application.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_84744_9892a4296380361dd94b997f088a4eae.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Influence of foliar application of organic fertilizer “BOMBARDIER” on morphological and phytochemical traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under water deficit Influence of foliar application of organic fertilizer “BOMBARDIER” on morphological and phytochemical traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under water deficit 219 233 85037 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.317833.654793 FA Saeed Yousefzadeh Assistant professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Marzieh Piryaei Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Iran. Journal Article 2021 01 24 To investigate the effect of organic fertilizer foliar application on morphological and phytochemical traits of dragonhead, a split plot experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2016 growing season. The main plots consisted of irrigation interval at three levels (3, 6 and 9 days) and subplots consisted of foliar application of BOMBARDIER as organic fertilizer at four levels (control, 2, 4 and 6 ml/L). Foliar application of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on all studied traits (except plant height, stem diameter and essential oil percentage). Increasing irrigation interval decreased plant height, number of lateral and flowering branchs, stem diameter, dry matter yield and essential oil content and yield. Interaction between foliar application and irrigation interval was significant on number of secondary and flowering branchs, stem diameter and essential oil yield. Foliar application with 6 ml/l concentration produced the maximum amount of photosynthesis pigments in dragonhead. The application of 4 ml/l of organic fertilizer in 6 and 9 days irrigation intervals produced the maximum essential oil yield (9.1 and 6.15 kg/ha) compared to the control. 6 ml/l of organic fertilizer in 3 days irrigation interval increased essential oil yield by 50% compared to control. In Totally results showed that in all irrigation intervals, foliar application with the organic fertilizer could significantly enhance the essential oil yield compared to control in the dragonhead plant. Therefore, this treatment can be introduced as the best treatment. To investigate the effect of organic fertilizer foliar application on morphological and phytochemical traits of dragonhead, a split plot experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2016 growing season. The main plots consisted of irrigation interval at three levels (3, 6 and 9 days) and subplots consisted of foliar application of BOMBARDIER as organic fertilizer at four levels (control, 2, 4 and 6 ml/L). Foliar application of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on all studied traits (except plant height, stem diameter and essential oil percentage). Increasing irrigation interval decreased plant height, number of lateral and flowering branchs, stem diameter, dry matter yield and essential oil content and yield. Interaction between foliar application and irrigation interval was significant on number of secondary and flowering branchs, stem diameter and essential oil yield. Foliar application with 6 ml/l concentration produced the maximum amount of photosynthesis pigments in dragonhead. The application of 4 ml/l of organic fertilizer in 6 and 9 days irrigation intervals produced the maximum essential oil yield (9.1 and 6.15 kg/ha) compared to the control. 6 ml/l of organic fertilizer in 3 days irrigation interval increased essential oil yield by 50% compared to control. In Totally results showed that in all irrigation intervals, foliar application with the organic fertilizer could significantly enhance the essential oil yield compared to control in the dragonhead plant. Therefore, this treatment can be introduced as the best treatment.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_85037_29c6c3fe381e0615b6e6d68ecc28b763.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Physiological and biochemical responses of lines obtained from Norstar and Pishtaz wheat crossing to cold stress Physiological and biochemical responses of lines obtained from Norstar and Pishtaz wheat crossing to cold stress 235 250 88233 10.22059/ijfcs.2021.318439.654802 FA Mohsen Hosseini Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran. Reza Maali-Amiri Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-2496-4800 Siroos Mahfoozi Cereals Research, Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran Abbas Saidi Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Yasin Khaledian Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2021 02 11 Low temperature (LT) is one of the most important factors that limit growth, distribution and production of cereals. The purpose of the present study was to identify some traits related to LT tolerance in different phenological development stages in lines resulted from crosses between Pishtaz and Norstar wheat. Under experimental conditions, LT tolerance, shoot apex development, final leaf number (FLN), activity of antioxidant enzymes, total sugars and H2O2 contents were investigated. Results of double ridges formation and FLN showed that winter and facultative genotypes spent the longer time in the vegetative phase and entered the reproductive phase with delay. These genotypes also were more tolerant to LT in comparison to spring genotypes. Analysis of variance showed that genotypes, sampling period, and their interaction were highly significant for the most of the traits. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total sugars content reached their maximum in all genotypes at the second period of LT acclimation but higher in winter and facultative than spring genotypes. The highest H2O2 content observed at the third period of LT acclimation was the highest in spring compared to winter and facultative genotypes. The significant correlations coefficients for antioxidative activities and sugar content with lethal temperature 50 (LT50) suggest that they could be useful as indirect indices for LT tolerance in wheat. The results of this study showed that vernalization required genotypes had a higher potential for LT tolerance when the traits associated with LT tolerance in vegetative stage are adjusted. Low temperature (LT) is one of the most important factors that limit growth, distribution and production of cereals. The purpose of the present study was to identify some traits related to LT tolerance in different phenological development stages in lines resulted from crosses between Pishtaz and Norstar wheat. Under experimental conditions, LT tolerance, shoot apex development, final leaf number (FLN), activity of antioxidant enzymes, total sugars and H2O2 contents were investigated. Results of double ridges formation and FLN showed that winter and facultative genotypes spent the longer time in the vegetative phase and entered the reproductive phase with delay. These genotypes also were more tolerant to LT in comparison to spring genotypes. Analysis of variance showed that genotypes, sampling period, and their interaction were highly significant for the most of the traits. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total sugars content reached their maximum in all genotypes at the second period of LT acclimation but higher in winter and facultative than spring genotypes. The highest H2O2 content observed at the third period of LT acclimation was the highest in spring compared to winter and facultative genotypes. The significant correlations coefficients for antioxidative activities and sugar content with lethal temperature 50 (LT50) suggest that they could be useful as indirect indices for LT tolerance in wheat. The results of this study showed that vernalization required genotypes had a higher potential for LT tolerance when the traits associated with LT tolerance in vegetative stage are adjusted.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_88233_eb7809549ba835e16881e0285a68c145.pdf

Univrsity of Tehran Press Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 2008-4811 53 1 2022 03 21 Effect of irrigation regimes on the quantitative and qualitative traits of wild shallot cultivated in Al-Shatar region of Lorestan province Effect of irrigation regimes on the quantitative and qualitative traits of wild shallot cultivated in Al-Shatar region of Lorestan province 251 261 80747 10.22059/ijfcs.2020.279840.654604 FA Ebrahim Kakolvand Department of Genetic and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran Khosro Azizi Department of Genetic and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran 0000-0003-1075-6402 Mohsen Adeli Department of Organic Chemistry, Lorestan University, Iran. Ahmad Ismaili Department of Genetic and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran Journal Article 2019 05 11 To protect the wild shallot plant (Allium altissimum) in its natural habitat, which is endangered due to improper harvesting, and for the sustainable production of shallot, a study was performed on the wild shallot cultivation in a randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatment including (A): 50 mm Irrigation at planting and 50 mm at flowering, (B): 50 mm irrigation at flowering, (C): 50 mm irrigation at planting and (D): control (wild shallots planted in arable land without irrigation) during years 2 (2017-2019) in Alashtar region, Lorestan province. In this study, quantitative traits including biological yield, dry weight, tuber diameters and plant height, and qualitative characteristics including the amount of allicin active ingredient, crude protein, potassium, and phosphorus were investigated. Also, in the natural habitats, quantitative and qualitative traits of wild shallots were measured and compared with the results of the treatments. Results indicated the superiority of all quantitative and qualitative traits of the studied treatments compared to the control and natural habitats. Among all studied treatments, treatment (A) showed superiority in the all quantitative traits compared to the other treatments, control and natural habitat and treatment (B) was more desirable in terms of quality of the active ingredient of allicin than other treatments, control and natural habitat. Therefore, the development and promotion of cultivation method leads to stability of shallots production and preservation of its diversity. To protect the wild shallot plant (Allium altissimum) in its natural habitat, which is endangered due to improper harvesting, and for the sustainable production of shallot, a study was performed on the wild shallot cultivation in a randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatment including (A): 50 mm Irrigation at planting and 50 mm at flowering, (B): 50 mm irrigation at flowering, (C): 50 mm irrigation at planting and (D): control (wild shallots planted in arable land without irrigation) during years 2 (2017-2019) in Alashtar region, Lorestan province. In this study, quantitative traits including biological yield, dry weight, tuber diameters and plant height, and qualitative characteristics including the amount of allicin active ingredient, crude protein, potassium, and phosphorus were investigated. Also, in the natural habitats, quantitative and qualitative traits of wild shallots were measured and compared with the results of the treatments. Results indicated the superiority of all quantitative and qualitative traits of the studied treatments compared to the control and natural habitats. Among all studied treatments, treatment (A) showed superiority in the all quantitative traits compared to the other treatments, control and natural habitat and treatment (B) was more desirable in terms of quality of the active ingredient of allicin than other treatments, control and natural habitat. Therefore, the development and promotion of cultivation method leads to stability of shallots production and preservation of its diversity.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_80747_b7c4c423d3d32e2d6bc2f62276bb536d.pdf