مؤسسه انتشارات دانشگاه تهران علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران 2008-4811 56 3 2025 09 23 Evaluation of Superior Bread Wheat Lines using the FAI-BLUP Selection Index in the Hot and Dry Climate of Southern Fars Province ارزیابی لاین‌های برتر گندم نان با استفاده از شاخص انتخاب FAI-BLUP در اقلیم گرم و خشک جنوب استان فارس 21 32 104260 10.22059/ijfcs.2025.382035.655102 FA علیرضا عسکری کلستانی بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، داراب، ایران. محسن اسماعیل زاده مقدم موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، کرج، ایران 0000-0002-7805-264X Journal Article 2024 09 16 Introduction. Identification and selection of plant cultivars possessing an optimal combination of desirable agronomic traits is a fundamental and central objective in plant breeding programs. The development of such elite cultivars directly contributes to enhanced yield, production stability, and overall productivity within agricultural systems. Since selection based solely on a single trait (e.g., high yield) can often lead to a deterioration in quality or resistance of other critical traits, researchers have developed numerous multivariate and composite selection indices to address this challenge. These indices enable plant breeders to evaluate genotypes simultaneously based on multiple key characteristics and to identify the most favorable combinations of these traits. Accordingly, the primary objective of the present study was the screening and identification of tolerant and high-yielding bread wheat lines based on a set of morphological and phenological traits. To achieve this, a novel and powerful statistical method, the Factor Analysis Ideotype with Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (FAI-BLUP) index, was employed. Materials and Methods. Two independent experiments were conducted during the growing seasons of 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in Fars. In the first year, 320 pure lines and four control lines were evaluated from 106 selected superior lines. In the second year, these lines were tested under an alpha lattice design with two replications. The wheat lines used in this study were sourced from national research centers and stations (Karaj, Darab, and Zabol) as well as from international sources, including the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Moreover, double haploid (DH) lines developed through the collaboration between the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute and Florimond Desprez were incorporated into the trials. During the first year, 320 pure bread wheat lines, along with four check cultivars (Mehreghan, Barat, Sarang, and Chamran-2) were evaluated. The grain yield of the tested lines was assessed and compared with the mean performance of the check cultivars. In the second year, 106 lines selected from the first-year evaluations were tested using an alpha-lattice design (22 × 5) with two replications, accompanied by four check cultivars (Ouj, Mehreghan, Barat, and Sarang). Throughout the plant growth stages, agronomic traits, including days to heading (DHE), days to maturity (DME), and plant height (PLH) were recorded. After harvest, additional traits including thousand-kernel weight (TKW), seed filling period (SFP), seed filling rate (SFR), and grain yield (YLD) were evaluated .Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed using SAS 9.1. To estimate the FAI-BLUP indices, the metan package for multi-environment trials in R 4.2.1 was employed. Results and Discussion. The results from the first year showed that grain yield and thousand kernel weight had the highest coefficients of variation. In the first year, grain yield ranged from 1.90 t ha-1 (line 33, the lowest-yielding line) to 7.89 t ha-1 (line 312, the highest-yielding line), with an overall mean yield of 5.22 t ha-1 for all tested lines. Ultimately, the mean grain yield of the check cultivars Barat, Chamran-2, Mehreghan, and Sarang were 6.17, 4.12, 4.89, and 5.33 t ha-1, respectively, with an average of 5.14 t ha-1. The average grain yield for the selected lines was 6.19 tons per hectare, which was higher than the average yield of the control genotypes and the overall genotypes. The variance analysis results for the second year indicated that the lines significantly differed in terms of days to heading, days to maturity, thousand grain weight, and grain yield. The FAI-BLUP index exhibited a desirable selection differential for all traits under study. Specifically, the highest and lowest selection differentials were observed for thousand-kernel weight (94.4%) and plant height (-2.1%), respectively. Based on this index, sixteen genotypes (numbers 19, 67, 110 [check: Sarang], 93, 27, 16, 39, 4, 21, 63, 107, 8, 65, 9, 64, and 68) were selected as the top-performing genotypes according to their highest FAI-BLUP values. Moreover, the strength and weakness diagram indicated that genotypes 63, 68, 64, 110, 67, 16, 93, 27, 6, 65, and 8 were closest to the ideal genotype in terms of plant height, thousand-kernel weight, and seed filling rate (factor 1). Furthermore, line 21 was superior for days to maturity and grain yield (factor 2), whereas lines 39, 107, and 19 excelled for days to heading and seed filling period (factor 3). Conclusion. Ultimately, The results of this study indicated that the FAI-BLUP selection index effectively identified superior lines based on the evaluated traits. This index successfully designated the selected lines as top-performing genotypes for subsequent adaptability and stability trials in the 2024–2025 cropping season شناسایی ژنوتیپ هایی با خصوصیات زراعی مطلوب یکی از اهداف مهم اصلاح ‌نباتات است؛ از اینرو، شاخص های گزینشی متعددی برای شناسایی ژنوتیپ های برخوردار از مجموعهای از صفات مطلوب زراعی معرفی شده است. در این تحقیق، به منظور شناسایی لاین های برتر گندم نان بر اساس برخی صفات مورفو-فنولوژیک از شاخص انتخاب طراحی ایدئوتیپ از طریق پیشبینی نااریب بهترین خط (FAI-BLUP) استفاده شد. بدین منظور، دو آزمایش مستقل در سال‌های زراعی 1402-1401 و 1403-1402 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس انجام شد. در سال اول، 320 لاین خالص و چهار شاهد بررسی و 106 لاین برتر انتخاب و در سال دوم، این لاین‌ها تحت طرح آلفا لاتیس در دو تکرار آزمایش شدند. در سال اول، نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه و وزن هزار دانه بالاترین ضریب تغییرات را داشتند. میانگین عملکرد دانه در لاین‌های انتخابشده 19/6 تن در هکتار بود که از متوسط عملکرد ژنوتیپ های شاهد و مجموع ژنوتیپ ها بیشتر بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات در سال دوم نشان داد که لاین ها از نظر صفات تعداد روز تا گلدهی، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه مورد مطالعه تفاوت معنی داری داشتند. همچنین، دیفرانسیل انتخاب در این سال برای صفات مختلف بین 2/1- تا 94/4 متغیر بود. در نهایت، لاین های انتخابی براساس این شاخص، شامل لاین های 19، 67، 93، 27، 16، 39، 4، 21، 63، 107، 8، 65، 9، 64 و 68 بودند که برای بررسی های تکمیلی مانند آزمایش های سازگاری انتخاب شدند.

https://ijfcs.ut.ac.ir/article_104260_d9ae8e3b414599148a73542d2bc80c9c.pdf